{"id":108574,"date":"2024-09-30T03:59:59","date_gmt":"2024-09-29T20:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=108574"},"modified":"2024-09-30T03:59:59","modified_gmt":"2024-09-29T20:59:59","slug":"your-cells-are-dying-all-the-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=108574","title":{"rendered":"Your cells are dying. All the time."},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div itemprop=\"articleBody\">\n<figure class=\"intro-image intro-left\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/nk-cell-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"3D rendering of an NK Cell destroying a cancer cell.\"\/><figcaption class=\"caption\">\n<div class=\"caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/nk-cell-scaled.jpg\" class=\"enlarge-link\" data-height=\"1440\" data-width=\"2560\">Enlarge<\/a> <span class=\"sep\">\/<\/span> 3D rendering of an NK Cell destroying a cancer cell.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<aside id=\"social-left\" class=\"social-left\" aria-label=\"Read the comments or share this article\">\n<\/aside>\n<p><!-- cache hit 2:single\/related:fb7d66d9cdf76c8d01acabdc7ce76b1e --><!-- empty --><\/p>\n<p>Billions of cells die in your body every day. Some go out with a bang, others with a whimper.<\/p>\n<p>They can die by accident if they\u2019re injured or infected. Alternatively, should they outlive their natural lifespan or start to fail, they can carefully arrange for a desirable demise, with their remains neatly tidied away.<\/p>\n<p>Originally, scientists thought those were the only two ways an animal cell could die, by accident or by that neat-and-tidy version. But over the past couple of decades, researchers have<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41418-017-0012-4\"> racked up many more novel cellular death<\/a> scenarios, some specific to certain cell types or situations. Understanding this panoply of death modes could help scientists save good cells and kill bad ones, leading to treatments for infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s lots and lots of different flavors here,\u201d says Michael Overholtzer, a cell biologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. He estimates that there are now more than 20 different names to describe cell death varieties.<\/p>\n<p>Here, Knowable Magazine profiles a handful of classic and new modes by which cells kick the bucket.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image shortcode-img center large\" style=\"width:100%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/g-many-ways-cell-can-die2.png\" class=\"enlarge\" data-height=\"870\" data-width=\"1540\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/g-many-ways-cell-can-die2-640x362.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/g-many-ways-cell-can-die2-1280x723.png 2x\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2>Unplanned cell death: Necrosis<\/h2>\n<p>Lots of bad things can happen to cells: They get injured or burned, poisoned or starved of oxygen, infected by microbes or otherwise diseased. When a cell dies by accident, it\u2019s called necrosis.<\/p>\n<p>There are <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/23959-necrosis\">several necrosis types<\/a>, none of them pretty: In the case of gangrene, when cells are starved for blood, cells rot away. In other instances, dying cells liquefy, sometimes turning into yellow goop. Lung cells damaged by tuberculosis turn smushy and white \u2014 the technical name for this type, \u201ccaseous\u201d necrosis, literally means \u201ccheese-like.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Any form of death other than necrosis is considered \u201cprogrammed,\u201d meaning it\u2019s carried out intentionally by the cell because it\u2019s damaged or has outlived its usefulness.<\/p>\n<h2>A good, clean death: Apoptosis<\/h2>\n<p>The two main categories of programmed cell death are \u201csilent and violent,\u201d says Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, an immunologist at St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Apoptosis, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/bjc197233\">first named in 1972<\/a>, is the original silent type: It\u2019s a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/content\/journals\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053010\">neat, clean form of cell death<\/a> that doesn\u2019t wake the immune system.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s handy when cells are damaged or have served out their purpose. Apoptosis allows <a href=\"https:\/\/knowablemagazine.org\/content\/article\/living-world\/2024\/the-amphibians-that-evolved-parental-care\">tadpoles<\/a> to discard tail cells when they become frogs, for example, or human embryos to dispose of the webbing between developing fingers.<\/p>\n<p>The cell shrinks and detaches from its neighbors. Genetic material in the nucleus breaks into pieces that scrunch together, and the nucleus itself fragments. The membrane bubbles and blisters, and the cell disintegrates. Other cells gobble up the bits, keeping the tissue tidy.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image shortcode-img center large\" style=\"width:100%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/g-necrosis-apoptosis-compared.png\" class=\"enlarge\" data-height=\"896\" data-width=\"1540\" alt=\"In necrosis, a cell dies by accident, releasing its contents and drawing immune cells to the site of damage by creating inflammation. In apoptosis, the cell collapses in on itself and the bits are cleared away without causing damaging inflammation.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"In necrosis, a cell dies by accident, releasing its contents and drawing immune cells to the site of damage by creating inflammation. In apoptosis, the cell collapses in on itself and the bits are cleared away without causing damaging inflammation.\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/g-necrosis-apoptosis-compared-640x372.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/g-necrosis-apoptosis-compared-1280x745.png 2x\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption\">\n<div class=\"caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/g-necrosis-apoptosis-compared.png\" class=\"enlarge-link\" data-height=\"896\" data-width=\"1540\">Enlarge<\/a> <span class=\"sep\">\/<\/span> In necrosis, a cell dies by accident, releasing its contents and drawing immune cells to the site of damage by creating inflammation. In apoptosis, the cell collapses in on itself and the bits are cleared away without causing damaging inflammation.<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2024\/09\/your-cells-are-dying-all-the-time\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Enlarge \/ 3D rendering of an NK Cell destroying a cancer cell. Billions of cells die in your body every day. Some go out with a bang, others with a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=108574\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-108574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=108574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108574\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=108574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=108574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=108574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}