{"id":111869,"date":"2024-10-08T18:27:52","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T11:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=111869"},"modified":"2024-10-08T18:27:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T11:27:52","slug":"europa-is-an-icy-ocean-world-and-nasa-is-finally-going-to-explore-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=111869","title":{"rendered":"Europa is an icy ocean world\u2014and NASA is finally going to explore it"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"prism-GridColumn\" style=\"--grid-column-span-xxs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-xs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-sm:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-md:20;--grid-column-span-lg:16;--grid-column-span-xl:16;--grid-column-span-xxl:14;--grid-column-start-xxs:auto;--grid-column-start-xs:auto;--grid-column-start-sm:auto;--grid-column-start-md:3;--grid-column-start-lg:5;--grid-column-start-xl:5;--grid-column-start-xxl:6\">\n<h2 class=\"RxNCg PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq\">Will Clipper drill beneath Europa\u2019s crust?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Sadly, the spacecraft can\u2019t land and take samples, but many scientists are hoping to spot geysers spouting from Europa\u2019s surface. Hubble images from around a decade ago <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-plumes-geysers-moon-jupiter-galileo-nasa-space-science\">hinted that such plumes could be erupting<\/a>. But \u201call the detections have been at the detection limits,\u201d says planetary scientist Francis Nimmo of the University of California, Santa Cruz. \u201cIf [the plumes] exist, then they&#8217;re pretty intermittent, and they may not actually be there at all.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Clipper should hopefully clear up this conundrum, either by taking direct photos of a geyser or finding evidence of a recent deposit on the surface. If the plumes exist, they would be a major boon because mission directors might be able to fly Clipper through a spout, tasting and analyzing material from within or below the ice sheet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">(<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/astrobiology\/distant-oasis\/\"><i>Explore Europa\u2019s icy ocean through this interactive graphic<\/i><\/a>.)<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"RxNCg PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq\">What\u2019s going on in Europa\u2019s depths?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">No one is quite sure how geologically active the rocky surface at the bottom of Europa\u2019s ocean is. Some suspect that hot, smoking hydrothermal vents could be present there, the same as those that <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/possible-microbes-mariana-trench-hint-at-life-jupiters-moon-europa\">exist in the depths of Earth\u2019s oceans<\/a>, providing warm and energetic habitats to microbes, crabs, and worms. But <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hou.usra.edu\/meetings\/lpsc2024\/pdf\/2780.pdf\">recent models<\/a> splashed cold water on this idea: Based on the strength of the rocky crust and low tectonic activity of our own similarly-sized moon, some researchers questioned whether Europa\u2019s seafloor might actually just be super low energy.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">\u201cIf we&#8217;re right, it&#8217;s not going to be the kinds of hydrothermal systems that we might be familiar with on Earth, with those big worms and those really hot black and white smokers,\u201d says <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/eeps.wustl.edu\/people\/paul-byrne\">Paul Byrne<\/a>, a planetary scientist at Washington University in St. Louis who helped devise the new models.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>window['__CONFIG__']={\"uid\":\"natgeo\",\"strictMode\":false,\"mode\":\"universal\",\"logLevel\":\"info\",\"logOutput\":\"json\",\"tms\":{\"enabled\":true,\"env\":\"dev\",\"tag\":\"https:\/\/nexus.ensighten.com\/TWDC-DTCI\/dev\/Bootstrap.js\",\"tagNS\":\"Boostrapper\",\"emitEvent\":\"tms:ready\",\"loadScript\":false,\"loadAsync\":true},\"allowMocks\":true,\"globalVar\":\"__natgeo__\",\"cdnPath\":\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\",\"buildHash\":false,\"http\":{\"timeout\":{\"client\":10000}},\"apiEnv\":\"production\",\"envName\":\"prod\",\"mockDataPort\":1981,\"host\":\"localhost\",\"basename\":\"\",\"collateXhr\":{}};window['__natgeo__']={\"app\":{\"uid\":\"natgeo\",\"mode\":\"universal\",\"apiEnv\":\"production\",\"envName\":\"prod\",\"cdnPath\":\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\",\"collateXhr\":{},\"allowMocks\":true,\"mockDataPort\":1981,\"excludePageCSS\":false,\"assets\":{\"chunks\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/runtime-8349f61a.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/8202-2d3142be.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/9479-8e515628.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/7708-37c5b074.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/2919-5601fd2a.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/3460-548d0b9f.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/5437-3035472d.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/19-1bab2616.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/4257-3ac25efc.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/1156-e472ade1.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/1551-022d911d.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/1636-107ab690.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/3021-2f0be111.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/8330-6af310aa.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/5427-0bf927ab.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/4162-192c0a75.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/9381-56e8d894.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/6753-4ac0ab28.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/3097-df9f81ee.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/4343-b87c7e66.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/3641-760c8582.js\"],\"entries\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/natgeo-7148e59f.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/prismarticle-24106b20.js\"],\"css\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/fusion-b8686a01.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/8202-e4f72c35.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/natgeo-762fa9a3.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/3460-5d0ce04b.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/1156-07c56ce0.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/1551-74bf7284.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/5427-d6305e79.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/4162-313cf2d3.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/b1fdd2273cfc-release-09-26-2024.3\/client\/natgeo\/css\/9381-70992203.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo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Now, it\u2019s finally happening: A spacecraft bound for the icy world is scheduled to blast off from Kennedy Space Center on a SpaceX rocket sometime before November 6, after <a href=\\\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/europaclipper\/2024\/10\/06\/nasa-spacex-secure-europa-clipper-ahead-of-hurricane\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">delay due to Hurricane Milton<\/a>. NASA\u2019s Europa Clipper mission will spend five and a half years cruising to the Jovian system and then conduct nearly 50 flybys of the enigmatic moon to investigate its many mysteries.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html1\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Among the top puzzles scientists are hoping to tackle is whether Europa might be habitable\u2014meaning it has the water, energy, and chemical building blocks required to host life as we know it. The frozen world is roughly the same size as our moon but hides a vast ocean beneath its icy exterior, potentially containing twice the amount of water as all of Earth\u2019s oceans combined. This makes Europa an important target for astrobiologists hoping to learn whether living organisms exist beyond our planet.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html2\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"During its initial three-year stint in orbit, <a href=\\\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/europa-clipper\/\\\">Europa Clipper<\/a> will provide unprecedented views of the moon\u2019s surface, glean information on the dynamics of its ice shell, and determine if <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-plumes-geysers-moon-jupiter-galileo-nasa-space-science\\\">spectacular geysers<\/a> spout from its surface, much like Saturn\u2019s moon Enceladus. The probe will give investigators insight into the inner workings of icy ocean worlds, which may exist in enormous numbers throughout the cosmos.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html3\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\u201cWe've never sent a mission dedicated to an icy ocean world before,\u201d says <a href=\\\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/mission\/the-team\/overview\/\\\">Curt Niebur<\/a>, program scientist for the mission at NASA. \u201cThere are so many discoveries lying in wait for us, it's going to be fantastic.\u201d&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"8e6f4bf5-25d7-4b71-8791-e2ed37216951\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"imagegroup\",\"hasCopyright\":true,\"id\":\"8e6f4bf5-25d7-4b71-8791-e2ed37216951\",\"align\":\"pageWidth\",\"groupCredit\":\"Photographs by NASA\",\"images\":[{\"aspectRatio\":1,\"alt\":\"A blurry, low-resolution view of Eurpa at half-moon.\",\"caption\":\"Pioneer-10, NASA's first mission to the outer planets, flew by Jupiter in 1973 and captured our blurry first glimpse of Europa.&nbsp;\",\"image\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg\",\"altText\":\"A blurry, low-resolution view of Eurpa at half-moon.\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by NASA\",\"dsc\":\"The first images of Europa made from a spacecraft came from the Pioneer-10 mission, which did a flyby of Jupiter in December of 1973. At the time, Europa was too far away for the camera onboard Pioneer-10 to capture any details.\",\"ttl\":\"ARC-1973-AC73-9278\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nThe first images of Europa made from a spacecraft came from the Pioneer-10 mission, which did a flyby of Jupiter in December of 1973. At the time, Europa was too far away for the camera onboard Pioneer-10 to capture any details.\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"ARC-1973-AC73-9278\"}},\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg\"},{\"aspectRatio\":1.035294117647059,\"caption\":\"In 1979, NASA's Voyager 2 probe snapped this image of Europa, showing a complex array of streaks on its icy surface.\",\"image\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1.035294117647059,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"\"}},\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg\"}],\"size\":\"medium\"},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html4\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"What do we know about Europa?&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html5\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei discovered <a href=\\\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/in-depth\/\\\">Europa<\/a> and three of its sibling moons in 1610 when he pointed his telescope at Jupiter and saw four bright dots surrounding the giant planet. Our first close-up views came in 1979 &nbsp;when NASA\u2019s Voyager probes sped past Jupiter and photographed its many satellites. <a href=\\\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/voyager\/voyager-2\/\\\">Voyager 2<\/a> took high-resolution images of Europa\u2019s exterior, showing it was chock full of long, irregular cracks and relatively devoid of craters\u2014indicating the surface was young and likely geologically active.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html6\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"In 1996, NASA\u2019s <a href=\\\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/galileo\/\\\">Galileo mission flew by Europa<\/a> and beamed back some extremely curious data: Apparently, this tiny frozen moon possessed a magnetic field, something normally only found on larger bodies like the Earth. The space physicist Margaret Kivelson and her colleagues showed that <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.289.5483.1340\\\">Jupiter\u2019s magnetic field could generate one on Europa<\/a> if the moon had a gigantic global ocean of liquid saltwater beneath its crust.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html7\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\u201cEverybody was suitably skeptical,\u201d says Niebur. \u201cMargie sat down and ran through her assumptions and her math, her logic, and this wonderfully brilliant woman convinced everybody that she was correct.\u201d\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"96e272a0-182f-4f13-8ea9-eb692bbd6df6\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"imagegroup\",\"hasCopyright\":true,\"id\":\"96e272a0-182f-4f13-8ea9-eb692bbd6df6\",\"align\":\"pageWidth\",\"images\":[{\"aspectRatio\":0.7647058823529411,\"alt\":\"A detailed view of Europa's surface, which appears blue and icy, with streaks of brown domes and ridges.\",\"caption\":\"The Galileo 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detailed view of Europa's surface, which appears blue and icy, with streaks of brown domes and ridges.\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by NASA\/JPL\/University of Arizona\",\"dsc\":\"This image of Jupiter icy satellite Europa, captured during NASA's Galileo mission, shows surface features such as domes and ridges, as well as a region of disrupted terrain including crustal plates which are thought to have broken apart and rafted into new positions.\",\"ttl\":\"PIA01296\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nThis image of Jupiter icy satellite Europa, captured during NASA's Galileo mission, shows surface features such as domes and ridges, as well as a region of disrupted terrain including crustal plates which are thought to have broken apart and rafted into new positions.\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"PIA01296\"}},\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg\"},{\"aspectRatio\":1,\"alt\":\"A high-resolution and detailed view of Europa's surface which is covered 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J\u00f3nsson\",\"image\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg\",\"altText\":\"A high-resolution and detailed view of Europa's surface which is covered in criss-crossing ridges, fractures, and bands.\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/SwRI\/MSSS\/Bj\u00f6rn J\u00f3nsson\",\"dsc\":\"Jupiter's moon Europa was captured by the JunoCam instrument aboard NASA's Juno spacecraft during the mission's close flyby on Sept. 29, 2022.\",\"ttl\":\"PIA26331\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nJupiter's moon Europa was captured by the JunoCam instrument aboard NASA's Juno spacecraft during the mission's close flyby on Sept. 29, 2022.\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"PIA26331\"}},\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg\"}],\"size\":\"medium\"},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html8\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"For the first time, scientists had evidence for an icy ocean world, a category that is now known to include Europa\u2019s siblings Calisto and Ganymede, as well as Saturn\u2019s Enceladus and Titan, and Neptune\u2019s Triton. The Galileo probe also showed that enormous patches of reddish carbon-containing organic material covered Europa\u2019s surface, while later observations found table salt in the same patches\u2014all tantalizing hints that a livable environment might lie beneath its frigid exterior.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html9\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Yet large gaps remain in our understanding of Europa: Is its frozen carapace is a few kilometers or tens of kilometers thick? What kind of chemistry does the moon\u2019s subsurface ocean have and how deep is it? Is there geothermal activity on the seafloor that could provide energy for living organisms? Could the organic material on Europa\u2019s outer shell provide food for undersea creatures? Such questions are the driving forces behind the mission.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html10\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"What is Europa Clipper?\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html11\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"The <a href=\\\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/spacecraft\/meet-europa-clipper\/\\\">Clipper spacecraft<\/a> is the largest planetary explorer NASA has ever built, with solar panels extending out to the size of a basketball court. The robot carries a suite of nine state-of-the-art instruments, each of which will record data as the probe sweeps past Europa.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html12\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Clipper will not be orbiting Europa itself because of Jupiter\u2019s formidable magnetic field\u2014roughly 20,000 times stronger than our own planet\u2019s. The field\u2019s radiation would fry any electronics that remain too long inside its influence (and may give the moon <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/jupiter-moon-glow-in-the-dark\\\">a blue or green glow<\/a>). But the spacecraft will swoop in and out of the radiation to snap high-resolution photos of 95 percent of the moon\u2019s exterior, sometimes coming in as low as 25 kilometers (16 miles) from the surface. &nbsp;These images will give us the most-detailed map of Europa yet.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html13\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"(<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/europa-enceladus-titan-search-for-alien-life\\\"><i>To prepare for Europa Clipper, scientists tested techniques and instruments here on Earth<\/i><\/a>.)&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html14\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"How will Clipper study Europa?\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html15\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Our current best images of the moon contain limited detail, the equivalent of somebody flying over the Earth and being able to tell that Manhattan is an island situated between two bodies of water, says planetary scientist <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/cwalker\/\\\">Catherine Walker<\/a> of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. After Clipper \u201cwe'll be able to see Central Park, individual streets, things like that,\u201d she says, as well as measure the heights of many features.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html16\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Such resolution will allow researchers to investigate how the ice shell moves and breaks apart, whether it contains sections that are sliding underneath one another like <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-tectonic-plates-life\\\">tectonic plates<\/a> on our planet, and, perhaps most crucially, whether there are passageways or conduits connecting Europa\u2019s exterior to its interior ocean.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"8ab1382f-32d0-4981-b887-f5a05dc15066\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"image\",\"ariaLabel\":\"image\",\"align\":\"browserWidth\",\"belowParagraph\":true,\"envNme\":\"prod\",\"flags\":{\"hideTitle\":true,\"hideAssetSource\":true},\"qryStr\":\"forceMode=fitt\",\"mrkup\":\"\",\"placement\":\"inline\"},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html17\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Clipper will use ice-penetrating radar to peer inside the frozen ice shell all the way to its very bottom, searching for hidden pockets of liquid water akin to <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/120208-russians-lake-vostok-antarctica-drilling-science\\\">the buried Lake Vostok<\/a> in Antarctica. Such spots are potentially habitable abodes that energy-rich organic molecules on the surface might have an even easier time reaching than the subglacial ocean.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html18\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\u201cWe know life loves interfaces and places that materials can mix,\u201d says astrobiologist <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.jhuapl.edu\/about\/people\/kathleen-craft\\\">Kate Craft<\/a> of Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. \u201cAnd so if we see places like that within the ice shell, that would be a really compelling place we could go back and try to sample in the future.\u201d\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html19\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Using a device called a spectrometer, Clipper will investigate what\u2019s in the reddish-orange organic material on the moon\u2019s surface. Such material has three potential origins: It might be bubbling up from the interior ocean via cracks, the result of simple chemicals interacting with Jupiter\u2019s powerful magnetic field, or debris blown out into space by the nearby <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/io-jupiter-moon-volcano-solar-system-discovery\\\">volcanic moon Io<\/a> before settling on Europa.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html20\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Clipper will also be joined at the Jovian system by the European Space Agency\u2019s <a href=\\\"https:\/\/sci.esa.int\/web\/juice\\\">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer<\/a> (JUICE). That mission will mainly be investigating Ganymede and Calisto but should also pass by Europa, providing opportunities for the two spacecraft to work in tandem to solve mysteries about these worlds.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html21\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Will Clipper drill beneath Europa\u2019s crust?\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html22\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Sadly, the spacecraft can\u2019t land and take samples, but many scientists are hoping to spot geysers spouting from Europa\u2019s surface. Hubble images from around a decade ago <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-plumes-geysers-moon-jupiter-galileo-nasa-space-science\\\">hinted that such plumes could be erupting<\/a>. But \u201call the detections have been at the detection limits,\u201d says planetary scientist Francis Nimmo of the University of California, Santa Cruz. \u201cIf [the plumes] exist, then they're pretty intermittent, and they may not actually be there at all.\u201d\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html23\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Clipper should hopefully clear up this conundrum, either by taking direct photos of a geyser or finding evidence of a recent deposit on the surface. If the plumes exist, they would be a major boon because mission directors might be able to fly Clipper through a spout, tasting and analyzing material from within or below the ice sheet.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html24\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"(<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/astrobiology\/distant-oasis\/\\\"><i>Explore Europa\u2019s icy ocean through this interactive graphic<\/i><\/a>.)\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html25\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"What\u2019s going on in Europa\u2019s depths?\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html26\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"No one is quite sure how geologically active the rocky surface at the bottom of Europa\u2019s ocean is. Some suspect that hot, smoking hydrothermal vents could be present there, the same as those that <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/possible-microbes-mariana-trench-hint-at-life-jupiters-moon-europa\\\">exist in the depths of Earth\u2019s oceans<\/a>, providing warm and energetic habitats to microbes, crabs, and worms. But <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.hou.usra.edu\/meetings\/lpsc2024\/pdf\/2780.pdf\\\">recent models<\/a> splashed cold water on this idea: Based on the strength of the rocky crust and low tectonic activity of our own similarly-sized moon, some researchers questioned whether Europa\u2019s seafloor might actually just be super low energy.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html27\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\u201cIf we're right, it's not going to be the kinds of hydrothermal systems that we might be familiar with on Earth, with those big worms and those really hot black and white smokers,\u201d says <a href=\\\"https:\/\/eeps.wustl.edu\/people\/paul-byrne\\\">Paul Byrne<\/a>, a planetary scientist at Washington University in St. Louis who helped devise the new models.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html28\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"He\u2019s careful to add that this doesn\u2019t totally place the kibosh on life, especially considering that many terrestrial microbes thrive just fine in lower-energy places where water and rock interact likes large cracks in the undersea crust. The fact that researchers are having such debates is good, says Craft, since it bolsters the need for a mission like Clipper to clear them up. During its flybys, the probe will measure the moon\u2019s magnetic and gravity fields, providing information about Europa\u2019s interior composition to help resolve such debates.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html29\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"What might this mean for life beyond our planet?\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html30\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"While Clipper is not a life-detection mission, it will be the first to assess whether this alien world could sustain alien life. Understanding this frozen moon will provide insight others like it such as Enceladus and Triton and, most likely, icy ocean worlds in distant star systems. Niebur points out that there is only one terrestrial ocean world in our solar system\u2014the Earth\u2014but at least six celestial bodies similar to Europa.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html31\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\u201cIf Europa Clipper shows that icy ocean worlds are habitable,\u201d he says, \u201cthen the implications for how common habitable environments are in the universe as a whole are absolutely staggering.\u201d\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"16051139-fac8-4f05-9886-33467cc5867d\",\"cntnt\":{\"id\":\"16051139-fac8-4f05-9886-33467cc5867d\",\"cmsType\":\"editorsNote\",\"note\":\"<b>Editor's note<\/b>: This story was updated on October 7, 2024, to reflect a delay in the launch timeline, which was originally scheduled for October 10. \"},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}}],\"cid\":\"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:b2aa4530-6780-4900-bfbb-16eecce742ca\",\"cntrbGrp\":[{\"contributors\":[{\"displayName\":\"Adam 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illustration depicting the icy and rocky surface of Europa with an active geyser; the unmanned Europa clipper spacecraft is seen glimmering above, as Jupiter looms large in the background.\",\"crdt\":\"Illustration by NASA\/JPL-Caltech\",\"dsc\":\"An illustration of NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft above the surface of Europa and in front of Jupiter.\",\"ttl\":\"ns-clppr-srfc-100622-031-00000-e1717777645312\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nAn illustration of NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft above the surface of Europa and in front of Jupiter.\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"ns-clppr-srfc-100622-031-00000-e1717777645312\"}},\"imageAlt\":\"An illustration depicting the icy and rocky surface of Europa with an active geyser; the unmanned Europa clipper spacecraft is seen glimmering above, as Jupiter looms large in the 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might be able to host alien life.\",\"sclImg\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c8c38497-5e6f-48f0-80cb-43e68615f41e\/ns-clppr-srfc-100622-031-00000-e1717777645312_16x9.jpg?w=1200\",\"sclTtl\":\"Europa is an icy ocean world\u2014and NASA is finally going to explore it\"},\"sctn\":\"Science\",\"sctnLbls\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"id\":\"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"}],\"title\":\"Europa is an icy ocean world\u2014and NASA is finally going to explore it\",\"wrdcnt\":1835,\"trnctnMssg\":{\"id\":\"freemium-truncation-tile-1\",\"cmsType\":\"PaywallTile\",\"subtype\":\"truncation\",\"title\":\"Unlock this story for free\",\"subtitle\":\"Create an account to read the full story and get unlimited access to hundreds of Nat Geo articles.\",\"ctas\":[{\"text\":\"Sign Up\",\"target\":\"_self\",\"type\":\"oneid\",\"useOneID\":true},{\"text\":\"Sign 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Mann\",\"role\":\"writer\",\"labelOverride\":\"By\"}],\"logoRadius\":true,\"publishedDate\":{\"date\":\"2024-10-07T17:00:00.000Z\",\"postFormat\":\"MMMM D, YYYY\",\"preFormat\":\"MMMM D, YYYY\"},\"shareProps\":{\"title\":\"Europa is an icy ocean world\u2014and NASA is finally going to explore it\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-jupiter-moon-nasa-clipper-ocean\",\"pageType\":\"Story\",\"source\":\"NatGeo\",\"shareButton\":\"inline\",\"size\":\"l\",\"networks\":[\"facebook\",\"twitter\",\"email\",\"link\"],\"description\":\"For the first time, NASA is journeying to this mysterious moon to determine if it might be able to host alien life.\"}},\"config\":{},\"usesArticleObject\":true},{\"name\":\"Divider\",\"props\":{\"className\":\"natgeoDivider\"},\"config\":{},\"usesArticleObject\":true},{\"name\":\"Body\",\"props\":{\"body\":[[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"For more than a quarter century, scientists have wanted to \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"send a robot to explore\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/conference-proceedings-of-spie\/3111\/1\/The-Europa-Ocean-Discovery-mission\/10.1117\/12.278778.full\"}},\" Jupiter\u2019s moon Europa. Now, it\u2019s finally happening: A spacecraft bound for the icy world is scheduled to blast off from Kennedy Space Center on a SpaceX rocket sometime before November 6, after \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"delay due to Hurricane Milton\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/europaclipper\/2024\/10\/06\/nasa-spacex-secure-europa-clipper-ahead-of-hurricane\/\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\". NASA\u2019s Europa Clipper mission will spend five and a half years cruising to the Jovian system and then conduct nearly 50 flybys of the enigmatic moon to investigate its many mysteries.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Among the top puzzles scientists are hoping to tackle is whether Europa might be habitable\u2014meaning it has the water, energy, and chemical building blocks required to host life as we know it. The frozen world is roughly the same size as our moon but hides a vast ocean beneath its icy exterior, potentially containing twice the amount of water as all of Earth\u2019s oceans combined. This makes Europa an important target for astrobiologists hoping to learn whether living organisms exist beyond our planet.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"During its initial three-year stint in orbit, \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Europa Clipper\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/europa-clipper\/\"}},\" will provide unprecedented views of the moon\u2019s surface, glean information on the dynamics of its ice shell, and determine if \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"spectacular geysers\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-plumes-geysers-moon-jupiter-galileo-nasa-space-science\"}},\" spout from its surface, much like Saturn\u2019s moon Enceladus. The probe will give investigators insight into the inner workings of icy ocean worlds, which may exist in enormous numbers throughout the cosmos.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-1\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\u201cWe've never sent a mission dedicated to an icy ocean world before,\u201d says \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Curt Niebur\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/mission\/the-team\/overview\/\"}},\", program scientist for the mission at NASA. \u201cThere are so many discoveries lying in wait for us, it's going to be fantastic.\u201d\",\"\u00a0\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"ImageGroup\",\"props\":{\"images\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg\",\"alt\":\"A blurry, low-resolution view of Eurpa at half-moon.\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=374&h=374\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=748&h=748\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=413&h=413\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=826&h=826\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=718&h=718\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=1436&h=1436\"},\"max\":767,\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=718&h=718\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=1436&h=1436\"},\"max\":1024,\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=1280&h=1280\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/bfc27524-d7b6-41c6-95a0-aa66f78ef63c\/ARC-1973-AC73-9278.jpg?w=2560&h=2560\"},\"min\":1025,\"nativeWidth\":1280}],\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Photograph by NASA\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"Pioneer-10, NASA's first mission to the outer planets, flew by Jupiter in 1973 and captured our blurry first glimpse of Europa.&nbsp;\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg\",\"alt\":\"\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=374&h=361\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=748&h=722\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=413&h=399\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=826&h=798\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=718&h=694\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=1436&h=1388\"},\"max\":767,\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=718&h=694\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=1436&h=1388\"},\"max\":1024,\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=1280&h=1236\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/06fffc38-00de-46ef-b213-196ac976ea87\/PIA00459.jpg?w=2560&h=2472\"},\"min\":1025,\"nativeWidth\":1280}],\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"In 1979, NASA's Voyager 2 probe snapped this image of Europa, showing a complex array of streaks on its icy surface.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false}}],\"ratio\":{\"height\":2048,\"width\":2048},\"disableFullscreen\":false},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"full\",\"alignXxs\":\"full\",\"gridDisplayMode\":\"full\"}}},[{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"What do we know about Europa?\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei discovered \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Europa\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/in-depth\/\"}},\" and three of its sibling moons in 1610 when he pointed his telescope at Jupiter and saw four bright dots surrounding the giant planet. Our first close-up views came in 1979 \",\"\u00a0\",\"when NASA\u2019s Voyager probes sped past Jupiter and photographed its many satellites. \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Voyager 2\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/voyager\/voyager-2\/\"}},\" took high-resolution images of Europa\u2019s exterior, showing it was chock full of long, irregular cracks and relatively devoid of craters\u2014indicating the surface was young and likely geologically active.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"In 1996, NASA\u2019s \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Galileo mission flew by Europa\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/galileo\/\"}},\" and beamed back some extremely curious data: Apparently, this tiny frozen moon possessed a magnetic field, something normally only found on larger bodies like the Earth. The space physicist Margaret Kivelson and her colleagues showed that \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Jupiter\u2019s magnetic field could generate one on Europa\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.289.5483.1340\"}},\" if the moon had a gigantic global ocean of liquid saltwater beneath its crust.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"CommercePromo\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"standard\",\"headline\":\" YEAR-LONG ADVENTURE for every young explorer on your list\",\"description\":\"FREE limited-edition frog drawstring bag with every Nat Geo Kids Book Bundle subscription\",\"imageSrc\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e27b7222-733d-467d-a279-2bb0d1ec4f7a\/NGK-13067_Article-Promo-500x40_4x3.jpg\",\"imageRatio\":\"4x3\",\"actionLabel\":\"GIVE NOW\",\"actionHref\":\"https:\/\/ngkidsubs.nationalgeographic.com\/servlet\/OrdersGateway?cds_mag_code=NKD&cds_page_id=280433&cds_response_key=I4HC2HBL1&cmpid=int_org=ngp::int_mc=website::int_src=ngp::int_cmp=nkd_bb_holiday24::int_add=inarticlepromo\",\"immersive\":true,\"colorMode\":\"dark\",\"campaignName\":\"20241007_NKD_BB_Drawstring_InarticlePromo\",\"tint\":1,\"inlineId\":\"commerce-promo-inline\",\"className\":\"prism-commerce-container\",\"dividerEnabled\":false},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"center\",\"alignXxs\":\"full\"}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\u201cEverybody was suitably skeptical,\u201d says Niebur. \u201cMargie sat down and ran through her assumptions and her math, her logic, and this wonderfully brilliant woman convinced everybody that she was correct.\u201d\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"ImageGroup\",\"props\":{\"images\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg\",\"alt\":\"A detailed view of Europa's surface, which appears blue and icy, with streaks of brown domes and ridges.\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=374&h=489\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=748&h=978\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=413&h=540\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=826&h=1080\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=718&h=939\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=1436&h=1878\"},\"max\":767,\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=718&h=939\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=1436&h=1878\"},\"max\":1024,\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=1280&h=1674\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c4bd1c67-1b0c-42b5-8950-ab11b700563f\/PIA01296.jpg?w=2560&h=3348\"},\"min\":1025,\"nativeWidth\":1280}],\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Photograph by NASA\/JPL\/University of Arizona\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"The Galileo probe provided an enticing view of Europa's surface, showing domes, ridges and red splotches that contain organic or carbon molecules.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg\",\"alt\":\"A high-resolution and detailed view of Europa's surface which is covered in criss-crossing ridges, fractures, and bands.\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=374&h=374\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=748&h=748\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=413&h=413\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=826&h=826\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=718&h=718\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=1436&h=1436\"},\"max\":767,\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=718&h=718\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=1436&h=1436\"},\"max\":1024,\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=1280&h=1280\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c80656e2-34e4-48b2-8b04-02b45a7d3f88\/PIA26331.jpg?w=2560&h=2560\"},\"min\":1025,\"nativeWidth\":1280}],\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Photograph by NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/SwRI\/MSSS\/Bj\u00f6rn J\u00f3nsson\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"NASA's Juno mission primarily focuses on Jupiter but captured this image of Europa during a flyby of the gas giant in 2022.&nbsp;\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false}}],\"ratio\":{\"height\":1428,\"width\":1092},\"disableFullscreen\":false},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"full\",\"alignXxs\":\"full\",\"gridDisplayMode\":\"full\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"For the first time, scientists had evidence for an icy ocean world, a category that is now known to include Europa\u2019s siblings Calisto and Ganymede, as well as Saturn\u2019s Enceladus and Titan, and Neptune\u2019s Triton. The Galileo probe also showed that enormous patches of reddish carbon-containing organic material covered Europa\u2019s surface, while later observations found table salt in the same patches\u2014all tantalizing hints that a livable environment might lie beneath its frigid exterior.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Yet large gaps remain in our understanding of Europa: Is its frozen carapace is a few kilometers or tens of kilometers thick? What kind of chemistry does the moon\u2019s subsurface ocean have and how deep is it? Is there geothermal activity on the seafloor that could provide energy for living organisms? Could the organic material on Europa\u2019s outer shell provide food for undersea creatures? Such questions are the driving forces behind the mission.\"]},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"What is Europa Clipper?\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"The \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Clipper spacecraft\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/spacecraft\/meet-europa-clipper\/\"}},\" is the largest planetary explorer NASA has ever built, with solar panels extending out to the size of a basketball court. The robot carries a suite of nine state-of-the-art instruments, each of which will record data as the probe sweeps past Europa.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Clipper will not be orbiting Europa itself because of Jupiter\u2019s formidable magnetic field\u2014roughly 20,000 times stronger than our own planet\u2019s. The field\u2019s radiation would fry any electronics that remain too long inside its influence (and may give the moon \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"a blue or green glow\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/jupiter-moon-glow-in-the-dark\"}},\"). But the spacecraft will swoop in and out of the radiation to snap high-resolution photos of 95 percent of the moon\u2019s exterior, sometimes coming in as low as 25 kilometers (16 miles) from the surface. \",\"\u00a0\",\"These images will give us the most-detailed map of Europa yet.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"(\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"To prepare for Europa Clipper, scientists tested techniques and instruments here on Earth\"]}],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/europa-enceladus-titan-search-for-alien-life\"}},\".)\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"How will Clipper study Europa?\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Our current best images of the moon contain limited detail, the equivalent of somebody flying over the Earth and being able to tell that Manhattan is an island situated between two bodies of water, says planetary scientist \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Catherine Walker\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www2.whoi.edu\/staff\/cwalker\/\"}},\" of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. After Clipper \u201cwe'll be able to see Central Park, individual streets, things like that,\u201d she says, as well as measure the heights of many features.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-2\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Such resolution will allow researchers to investigate how the ice shell moves and breaks apart, whether it contains sections that are sliding underneath one another like \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"tectonic plates\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-tectonic-plates-life\"}},\" on our planet, and, perhaps most crucially, whether there are passageways or conduits connecting Europa\u2019s exterior to its interior ocean.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Image\",\"props\":{\"link\":{},\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/SwRI\/MSSS\/Andrea Luck\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"Juno's camera took this image of Jupiter's southern hemisphere with moons Io (left) and Europa (right) visible in the background.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false,\"wrapperProps\":{\"columnConfig\":{\"span\":{\"base\":100,\"md\":20,\"lg\":16,\"xxl\":14},\"start\":{\"md\":3,\"lg\":5,\"xxl\":6}}}},\"image\":{\"id\":\"PIA25014\",\"showCopyright\":\"Please be respectful of copyright. 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Such spots are potentially habitable abodes that energy-rich organic molecules on the surface might have an even easier time reaching than the subglacial ocean.\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"ContentPromo\",\"props\":{\"cards\":[{\"headline\":\"The 11 most astonishing scientific discoveries of 2023\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/11-astonishing-scientific-discoveries-2023\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"SCIENCE\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}],\"type\":\"floating\",\"inline\":true},{\"headline\":\"Saturn\u2019s \u2018Death Star\u2019 moon was hiding a secret: an underground ocean\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/subsurface-ocean-saturn-death-star-moon-mimas\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"SCIENCE\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}],\"type\":\"floating\",\"inline\":true},{\"headline\":\"9 spectacular night sky events to see in 2024\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c7130fde-01af-4989-8300-2ef87562ba8d\/uY-0OQhZ8yDC_16536x0_sISH_6jk_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/9-spectacular-night-sky-events-to-see-in-2024\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"SCIENCE\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c7130fde-01af-4989-8300-2ef87562ba8d\/uY-0OQhZ8yDC_16536x0_sISH_6jk_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c7130fde-01af-4989-8300-2ef87562ba8d\/uY-0OQhZ8yDC_16536x0_sISH_6jk_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c7130fde-01af-4989-8300-2ef87562ba8d\/uY-0OQhZ8yDC_16536x0_sISH_6jk_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/c7130fde-01af-4989-8300-2ef87562ba8d\/uY-0OQhZ8yDC_16536x0_sISH_6jk_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}],\"type\":\"floating\",\"inline\":true}],\"title\":\"You May Also Like\",\"dividerEnabled\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"center\"}}},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\u201cWe know life loves interfaces and places that materials can mix,\u201d says astrobiologist \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Kate Craft\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.jhuapl.edu\/about\/people\/kathleen-craft\"}},\" of Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. \u201cAnd so if we see places like that within the ice shell, that would be a really compelling place we could go back and try to sample in the future.\u201d\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Using a device called a spectrometer, Clipper will investigate what\u2019s in the reddish-orange organic material on the moon\u2019s surface. Such material has three potential origins: It might be bubbling up from the interior ocean via cracks, the result of simple chemicals interacting with Jupiter\u2019s powerful magnetic field, or debris blown out into space by the nearby \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"volcanic moon Io\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/io-jupiter-moon-volcano-solar-system-discovery\"}},\" before settling on Europa.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Clipper will also be joined at the Jovian system by the European Space Agency\u2019s \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/sci.esa.int\/web\/juice\"}},\" (JUICE). That mission will mainly be investigating Ganymede and Calisto but should also pass by Europa, providing opportunities for the two spacecraft to work in tandem to solve mysteries about these worlds.\",\"\u00a0\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-3\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"Will Clipper drill beneath Europa\u2019s crust?\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Sadly, the spacecraft can\u2019t land and take samples, but many scientists are hoping to spot geysers spouting from Europa\u2019s surface. Hubble images from around a decade ago \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"hinted that such plumes could be erupting\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-plumes-geysers-moon-jupiter-galileo-nasa-space-science\"}},\". But \u201call the detections have been at the detection limits,\u201d says planetary scientist Francis Nimmo of the University of California, Santa Cruz. \u201cIf [the plumes] exist, then they're pretty intermittent, and they may not actually be there at all.\u201d\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Clipper should hopefully clear up this conundrum, either by taking direct photos of a geyser or finding evidence of a recent deposit on the surface. If the plumes exist, they would be a major boon because mission directors might be able to fly Clipper through a spout, tasting and analyzing material from within or below the ice sheet.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"(\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Explore Europa\u2019s icy ocean through this interactive graphic\"]}],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/astrobiology\/distant-oasis\/\"}},\".)\"]},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"What\u2019s going on in Europa\u2019s depths?\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"No one is quite sure how geologically active the rocky surface at the bottom of Europa\u2019s ocean is. Some suspect that hot, smoking hydrothermal vents could be present there, the same as those that \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"exist in the depths of Earth\u2019s oceans\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/possible-microbes-mariana-trench-hint-at-life-jupiters-moon-europa\"}},\", providing warm and energetic habitats to microbes, crabs, and worms. But \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"recent models\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.hou.usra.edu\/meetings\/lpsc2024\/pdf\/2780.pdf\"}},\" splashed cold water on this idea: Based on the strength of the rocky crust and low tectonic activity of our own similarly-sized moon, some researchers questioned whether Europa\u2019s seafloor might actually just be super low energy.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\u201cIf we're right, it's not going to be the kinds of hydrothermal systems that we might be familiar with on Earth, with those big worms and those really hot black and white smokers,\u201d says \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Paul Byrne\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/eeps.wustl.edu\/people\/paul-byrne\"}},\", a planetary scientist at Washington University in St. Louis who helped devise the new models.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"He\u2019s careful to add that this doesn\u2019t totally place the kibosh on life, especially considering that many terrestrial microbes thrive just fine in lower-energy places where water and rock interact likes large cracks in the undersea crust. The fact that researchers are having such debates is good, says Craft, since it bolsters the need for a mission like Clipper to clear them up. During its flybys, the probe will measure the moon\u2019s magnetic and gravity fields, providing information about Europa\u2019s interior composition to help resolve such debates.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"What might this mean for life beyond our planet?\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"While Clipper is not a life-detection mission, it will be the first to assess whether this alien world could sustain alien life. Understanding this frozen moon will provide insight others like it such as Enceladus and Triton and, most likely, icy ocean worlds in distant star systems. Niebur points out that there is only one terrestrial ocean world in our solar system\u2014the Earth\u2014but at least six celestial bodies similar to Europa.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\u201cIf Europa Clipper shows that icy ocean worlds are habitable,\u201d he says, \u201cthen the implications for how common habitable environments are in the universe as a whole are absolutely staggering.\u201d\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"EditorsNote\",\"props\":{\"body\":\"<b>Editor's note<\/b>: This story was updated on October 7, 2024, to reflect a delay in the launch timeline, which was originally scheduled for October 10. \",\"header\":null},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"full\"}}}]],\"blockquote\":{\"disableQuotationMark\":true,\"simple\":true},\"dateline\":null,\"datelineSeparator\":\"\u2014\",\"wordCount\":1605,\"className\":\"PrismArticleBody 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Explore more now and look for National Geographic in your inbox soon!\"}]}]},{\"id\":\"upsell-frame\",\"mods\":[{\"id\":\"aa2259e8-703f-40ec-a4b7-3010be37212f\",\"cmsType\":\"StackModule\",\"align\":\"left\"}]},{\"id\":\"newsletter-frame\"},{\"id\":\"ng-similarity-frame1\",\"mods\":[{\"id\":\"ng-similarity-frame1-module1\",\"cmsType\":\"RecirculationGridModule\",\"itemTruncate\":{\"description\":4,\"title\":4},\"contentList\":[{\"description\":\"Space-time breakthroughs. Virgin births. A promising candidate for alien life. Science didn\u2019t disappoint during our latest revolution around the sun.\",\"img\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1.3580901856763925,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/6cbf6fab-7513-4362-9467-341d17356284\/F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration.jpg\",\"altText\":\"An illustration of 2 black holes, which appear as black vacuous space surrounded by swirling hues of orange and yellow, as the two systems begin to merge.\",\"crdt\":\"Illustration by MARK GARLICK, SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY\",\"dsc\":\"Illustration of two black holes orbiting each other in a combined accretion disc. Eventually the black holes will merge, an event that will produce gravitational waves. Gravity is the distortion of space-time by mass, and changes in this distortion travel in waves at the speed of light. The effect is most pronounced where extremely massive objects are subject to extremely high acceleration. This is seen, for instance, where black holes or neutron stars are in a close orbit such as this. In February 2016, gravitational waves were detected for the first time, 100 years after Einstein's prediction. The waves emanated from the collision of two black holes, of 36 and 29 solar masses, some 1.3 billion light years away. The waves were extremely faint by the time they arrived at Earth, where they were detected by the two LIGO detectors in the USA.\",\"ttl\":\"F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"Illustration of two black holes orbiting each other in a combined accretion disc. Eventually the black holes will merge, an event that will produce gravitational waves. Gravity is the distortion of space-time by mass, and changes in this distortion travel in waves at the speed of light. The effect is most pronounced where extremely massive objects are subject to extremely high acceleration. This is seen, for instance, where black holes or neutron stars are in a close orbit such as this. In February 2016, gravitational waves were detected for the first time, 100 years after Einstein's prediction. The waves emanated from the collision of two black holes, of 36 and 29 solar masses, some 1.3 billion light years away. The waves were extremely faint by the time they arrived at Earth, where they were detected by the two LIGO detectors in the USA.\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"F0187830-Black_holes_merging_illustration\"},\"ratio\":\"3x2\"},\"isFeatured\":true,\"sections\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"id\":\"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"},{\"name\":\"2023 in Review\",\"id\":\"768f76dc-7399-3bfb-8f2b-859444bc1839\",\"type\":\"series\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/pages\/topic\/best-of-2023\"}],\"headline\":\"The 11 most astonishing scientific discoveries of 2023\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/11-astonishing-scientific-discoveries-2023\"},{\"description\":\"Researchers say the unlikely discovery could help them better understand buried oceans on frozen moons \u2014 and maybe life beyond Earth.\",\"img\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/91d770e8-f310-4da3-bda5-826d872ad3d9\/PIA12570.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Mimas, one of Saturn's moons, showing the large Herschel Crater that makes the moon look like the Death Star from the movie Star Wars.\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/Space Science Institute\",\"dsc\":\"In this view captured by NASA Cassini spacecraft on its closest-ever flyby of Saturn moon Mimas, large Herschel Crater dominates Mimas, making the moon look like the Death Star in the movie Star Wars.\",\"ttl\":\"PIA12570\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"In this view captured by NASA Cassini spacecraft on its closest-ever flyby of Saturn moon Mimas, large Herschel Crater dominates Mimas, making the moon look like the Death Star in the movie Star Wars.\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"PIA12570\"}},\"sections\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"id\":\"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"}],\"headline\":\"Saturn\u2019s \u2018Death Star\u2019 moon hides an underground ocean\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/subsurface-ocean-saturn-death-star-moon-mimas\"},{\"description\":\"The year is filled with wonders for stargazers, including a \\\"devil\\\" comet visible to the naked eye, prime-condition meteor showers, and a total solar 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bright blue comet and its cloud-like tail of particles, seen amongst the stars\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by Dan Bartlett\",\"dsc\":\"The \\\"devil\\\" comet 12P\/Pons-Brooks, seen here in California on March 30, is so called because of explosions on its surface that resembled horns. It will be most visible later in April.\",\"ttl\":\"uY-0OQhZ8yDC_16536x0_sISH_6jk\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"The \\\"devil\\\" comet 12P\/Pons-Brooks, seen here in California on March 30, is so called because of explosions on its surface that resembled horns. It will be most visible later in April.\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"uY-0OQhZ8yDC_16536x0_sISH_6jk\"}},\"sections\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"id\":\"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"},{\"name\":\"2023 in Review\",\"id\":\"768f76dc-7399-3bfb-8f2b-859444bc1839\",\"type\":\"series\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/pages\/topic\/best-of-2023\"}],\"headline\":\"9 spectacular night sky events to see in 2024\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/9-spectacular-night-sky-events-to-see-in-2024\"},{\"description\":\"Io is the most volcanic body known to science, and researchers have puzzled over its history for years. A new report suggests it was born this way.\",\"img\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":0.96435546875,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/ba58e4d0-4972-4577-affa-4d823869d036\/PIA26234.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Jupiter's moon, Io, half in light and half in darkness, its surface marred by centuries of volcanic activity.\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/SwRI\/MSSS\/Ted Stryk\",\"dsc\":\"This image revealing the north polar region of the Jovian moon Io was taken on October 15, 2023, by the JunoCam imager aboard NASA's Juno spacecraft. Since the high latitudes were not well covered in imagery gathered by NASA's Voyager and Galileo missions, three of the peaks captured here were observed for the first time. Those mountains are seen at the upper part of the image, near the terminator (the line dividing day and night).\",\"ttl\":\"PIA26234\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"This image revealing the north polar region of the Jovian moon Io was taken on October 15, 2023, by the JunoCam imager aboard NASA's Juno spacecraft. Since the high latitudes were not well covered in imagery gathered by NASA's Voyager and Galileo missions, three of the peaks captured here were observed for the first time. Those mountains are seen at the upper part of the image, near the terminator (the line dividing day and night).\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"PIA26234\"}},\"sections\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"id\":\"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"}],\"headline\":\"Jupiter\u2019s volcanic moon Io has been erupting for billions of years\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/io-jupiter-moon-volcano-solar-system-discovery\"},{\"description\":\"It\u2019s been 18 years since Pluto\u2019s celestial status was called into question\u2014yet the matter seems far from settled. We asked experts from both sides to make their case.\",\"img\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/b103fff5-6a84-4d19-b65e-5856998816c3\/PIA19952.jpg\",\"altText\":\"A high-resolution, colorized, composite of satellite imagery of Pluto.\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by NASA\/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory\/Southwest Research Institute\",\"dsc\":\"NASA's New Horizons spacecraft captured this high-resolution enhanced color view of Pluto on July 14, 2015. The image combines blue, red and infrared images taken by the Ralph\/Multispectral Visual Imaging Camera (MVIC). Pluto's surface sports a remarkable range of subtle colors, enhanced in this view to a rainbow of pale blues, yellows, oranges, and deep reds. Many landforms have their own distinct colors, telling a complex geological and climatological story that scientists have only just begun to decode.\",\"ttl\":\"PIA19952\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"NASA's New Horizons spacecraft captured this high-resolution enhanced color view of Pluto on July 14, 2015. The image combines blue, red and infrared images taken by the Ralph\/Multispectral Visual Imaging Camera (MVIC). Pluto's surface sports a remarkable range of subtle colors, enhanced in this view to a rainbow of pale blues, yellows, oranges, and deep reds. Many landforms have their own distinct colors, telling a complex geological and climatological story that scientists have only just begun to decode.&nbsp;\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"PIA19952\"}},\"sections\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"id\":\"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"}],\"headline\":\"Did Pluto ever actually stop being a planet? Experts debate.\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/pluto-planet-dwarf-planetoid-solar-system\"},{\"description\":\"For the first time since 1972, an American mission has landed on the moon for NASA, the first steps in the possible commercialization of deep space.\",\"img\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1.5003663003663004,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/00eb9f70-c7e0-4e9d-8267-2109a162cfb7\/KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023.jpg\",\"altText\":\"A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launching from NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center at night.\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by Kim Shiflett, NASA\",\"dsc\":\"A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying Intuitive Machines\u2019 Nova-C lunar lander lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 1:05 a.m. EST on Thursday, Feb. 15, 2024. As part of NASA\u2019s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) initiative and Artemis campaign, Intuitive Machines\u2019 first lunar mission will carry NASA science and commercial payloads to the Moon to study plume-surface interactions, space weather\/lunar surface interactions, radio astronomy, precision landing technologies, and a communication and navigation node for future autonomous navigation technologies.\",\"ttl\":\"KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying Intuitive Machines\u2019 Nova-C lunar lander lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 1:05 a.m. EST on Thursday, Feb. 15, 2024. As part of NASA\u2019s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) initiative and Artemis campaign, Intuitive Machines\u2019 first lunar mission will carry NASA science and commercial payloads to the Moon to study plume-surface interactions, space weather\/lunar surface interactions, radio astronomy, precision landing technologies, and a communication and navigation node for future autonomous navigation technologies.\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"KSC-20240215-PH-KLS01_0023\"}},\"sections\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"id\":\"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"}],\"headline\":\"U.S. returns to the moon as NASA mission touches down\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/lunar-lander-nasa-artemis-touchdown-moon\"},{\"description\":\"Enceladus is considered one of the most promising places to search for alien life. 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portrait of Sally Ride while in space\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph courtesy NASA, as photographed by Mackenzie Calle\",\"dsc\":\"NASA image of Dr. Sally Ride, the first American woman and known LGBTQ+ person in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger during mission STS-7 in June 1983.\",\"ttl\":\"sally-ride-nasa\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"NASA image of Dr. Sally Ride, the first American woman and known LGBTQ+ person in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger during mission STS-7 in June 1983.\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"sally-ride-nasa\"}},\"sections\":[{\"name\":\"History & Culture\",\"id\":\"b0c8dd52-23a8-34c0-a940-f46792bc9e70\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\"}],\"headline\":\"See Sally Ride\u2019s boundary-breaking life in photos\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/sally-ride-astronaut-lgbtq-legacy-photographs\"},{\"description\":\"The fossilized bones of two ancient human ancestors were aboard Virgin 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The bleeding is in the left hemisphere of the brain, and has caused hemiplegia (paralysis) in the right half of the body, as well as aphasia (a speech disorder)\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"M1360134-Stroke_3-D_MRA_scan\"}},\"abstract\":\"The biggest risk factor for stroke is the same in every country in the world, and it\u2019s also the easiest one to reverse.\",\"title\":\"Strokes are on the rise\u2014and these are the reasons why\",\"tags\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"id\":\"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"}]}],\"heading\":\"Science\",\"pageInfo\":{\"endCursor\":\"NTpSRmxPUVY4d0kwbEVPa1JTVG54a2NtNDZjM0pqT201aGRHZGxienAxYm1semIyNDZPbkJ5YjJRNk9ESTJPV0UwTWpVdE5qazFPUzAwWW1GbExUaGxOell0TlRZeE1ERmxOVEZtWkRRekkxTlBVbFE2YjNKcFoybHVZV3hRZFdKc2FYTm9aV1JFWVhSbGZERTNNamM1T0RrNE9UQTBNVFk9\",\"hasNextPage\":true},\"templateContext\":\"eyJjb250ZW50VHlwZSI6IlVuaXNvbkFydGljbGVDb250ZW50IiwidmFyaWFibGVzIjp7ImluY2x1ZGVNZWRpYUNvbnRlbnRzIjoidHJ1ZSIsImxvY2F0b3IiOiIvc2NpZW5jZS9hcnRpY2xlL2V1cm9wYS1qdXBpdGVyLW1vb24tbmFzYS1jbGlwcGVyLW9jZWFuIiwicG9ydGZvbGlvIjoibmF0Z2VvIiwicXVlcnlUeXBlIjoiTE9DQVRPUiJ9LCJtb2R1bGVJZCI6bnVsbH0\",\"storyTitle\":\"Europa is an icy ocean world\u2014and NASA is finally going to explore it\"},{\"id\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel\",\"cmsType\":\"CarouselModule\",\"centerHeading\":true,\"edgs\":[{\"id\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile\",\"cmsType\":\"RegularStandardPrismTile\",\"isEntitled\":false,\"cId\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile_0406596c-44f3-4791-ade7-7b50cb69aeb9\",\"description\":\"From traditional spots serving the classics to quirky venues putting a spin on proceedings, we round up our top places to enjoy afternoon tea.\",\"ctas\":[{\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/best-tea-rooms-in-the-uk\",\"text\":\"natgeo.ctaText.read\",\"icon\":\"article\"}],\"img\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1.5003663003663004,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/996d0545-2011-41a1-9c3a-e1b9d5f07d28\/tearoomsleadweb.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Afternoon tea served on a tiered plate stand with teapots and cups\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by Getty Images\",\"dsc\":\"Popularised in Britain during the 1840s, afternoon tea evolved as a light meal composed of finger food and pastries served in tearooms.\",\"ttl\":\"Tearooms afternoon tea serving\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nPopularised in Britain during the 1840s, afternoon tea evolved as a light meal composed of finger food and pastries served in tearooms.\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"Tearooms afternoon tea serving\"}},\"abstract\":\"From traditional spots serving the classics to quirky venues putting a spin on proceedings, we round up our top places to enjoy afternoon tea.\",\"title\":\"Fancy a cuppa? 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(Gospel Path in the Black Mountains, seen here through the driver side window.)\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nA detailed map is being scrutinised in bright sunshine, over the dashboard of a parked car, as the driver considers which direction to head over the highest road in Wales. (Gospel Path in the Black Mountains, seen here through the driver side window.)\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"\"}},\"abstract\":\"The benefits of going on a trip start before you leave your house\u2014here\u2019s why.\",\"title\":\"Here\u2019s why planning a trip can help your mental health\",\"tags\":[{\"name\":\"Travel\",\"id\":\"432c4f83-2d55-3974-b95f-a221c87c0fd1\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\"}]},{\"id\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile\",\"cmsType\":\"RegularStandardPrismTile\",\"isEntitled\":false,\"cId\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile_1409576c-7a2e-4a86-b581-31ebf979e782\",\"description\":\"Exploring this North African country is a memorable adventure, but there are certain things travelers should know. 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Here, we tackle some often-asked questions.\",\"title\":\"A practical guide to visiting Morocco\",\"tags\":[{\"name\":\"Travel\",\"id\":\"432c4f83-2d55-3974-b95f-a221c87c0fd1\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\"}]},{\"id\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile\",\"cmsType\":\"RegularStandardPrismTile\",\"isEntitled\":false,\"cId\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile_091dc9ab-be39-4700-a5ce-51b2d1eb51cb\",\"description\":\"It\u2019s leaf-peeping season across big swathes of the US, and there are plenty of lesser-known spots known for nature\u2019s fiery autumn 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with white and grey houses perched lakeside surrounded by thick autumnal forests\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by Denis Tangney, Getty Images\",\"dsc\":\"Situated within the Pine Tree State's Highlands of Maine, Moosehead Lake is the largest mountain lake in the eastern United States.\",\"ttl\":\"Fall foliage Moosehead Lake\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nSituated within the Pine Tree State's Highlands of Maine, Moosehead Lake is the largest mountain lake in the eastern United States.\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"Fall foliage Moosehead Lake\"}},\"abstract\":\"It\u2019s leaf-peeping season across big swathes of the US, and there are plenty of lesser-known spots known for nature\u2019s fiery autumn displays\",\"title\":\"8 of the best small towns for fall foliage in the US\",\"tags\":[{\"name\":\"Travel\",\"id\":\"432c4f83-2d55-3974-b95f-a221c87c0fd1\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\"}]},{\"id\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile\",\"cmsType\":\"RegularStandardPrismTile\",\"isEntitled\":false,\"cId\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile_93fff01f-7179-4a49-826e-031ed899a307\",\"description\":\"Fresh oysters, wetland birdwatching and lazy beach days make the little-known community of Oualidia a charming alternative to Essaouira on Morocco\u2019s Atlantic coast.\",\"ctas\":[{\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/oualidia-moroccan-oyster-destination\",\"text\":\"natgeo.ctaText.read\",\"icon\":\"article\"}],\"img\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/8b0f18be-e63e-412f-a121-8d611002e941\/moroccoeyewitnessoysters.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Plate of shucked oysters\",\"crdt\":\"Photograph by Michael Hanson, Getty Images\",\"dsc\":\"Plucked from the tidal lagoon, Oualidia's oysters are best served raw.\",\"ttl\":\"Morocco oysters\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nPlucked from the tidal lagoon, Oualidia's oysters are best served raw. \n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"Morocco oysters\"}},\"abstract\":\"Fresh oysters, wetland birdwatching and lazy beach days make the little-known community of Oualidia a charming alternative to Essaouira on Morocco\u2019s Atlantic coast.\",\"title\":\"The Moroccan oyster destination you've never heard of\",\"tags\":[{\"name\":\"Travel\",\"id\":\"432c4f83-2d55-3974-b95f-a221c87c0fd1\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\"}]},{\"id\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile\",\"cmsType\":\"RegularStandardPrismTile\",\"isEntitled\":false,\"cId\":\"natgeo-globalpromo-frame1-travel-tile_f9b73aee-4365-4621-a51e-3d1aae504b1f\",\"description\":\"Rich in honey-hued basilica's 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is an icy ocean world\u2014and NASA is finally going to explore it\",\"description\":\"For the first time, NASA is journeying to this mysterious moon to determine if it might be able to host alien life.\",\"tags\":[{\"label\":\"SCIENCE\",\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\"}],\"badge\":null,\"isUserAuthed\":false}}]},\"contentPackage\":\"freemium\",\"story_id\":\"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:b2aa4530-6780-4900-bfbb-16eecce742ca\"}},\"request\":{\"headers\":{},\"httpVersion\":\"1.1\",\"method\":\"GET\",\"url\":\"\/science\/article\/europa-jupiter-moon-nasa-clipper-ocean\",\"vary\":{\"cached\":true,\"device\":\"pc\",\"host\":\"www.nationalgeographic.com\",\"path\":\"\/science\/article\/europa-jupiter-moon-nasa-clipper-ocean\",\"forwarded-proto\":\"https\",\"country\":\"us\",\"edition\":\"natgeo-en-us\",\"edition-view\":\"natgeo-en-us\",\"loggedin\":\"false\"}},\"viewport\":{\"width\":1260,\"height\":0},\"user\":{}};<\/script><script async src=\"\/\/www.tiktok.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/europa-jupiter-moon-nasa-clipper-ocean\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Will Clipper drill beneath Europa\u2019s crust? Sadly, the spacecraft can\u2019t land and take samples, but many scientists are hoping to spot geysers spouting from Europa\u2019s surface. Hubble images from around &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=111869\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=111869"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111869\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=111869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=111869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=111869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}