{"id":112949,"date":"2024-10-11T14:50:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T07:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=112949"},"modified":"2024-10-11T14:50:48","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T07:50:48","slug":"what-is-retinitis-pigmentosa-the-vision-disorder-in-the-movie-blink","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=112949","title":{"rendered":"What is retinitis pigmentosa\u2014the vision disorder in the movie Blink?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"prism-article-body\">\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao MvWXB TjIXL aGjvy ebVHC\">Edith and S\u00e9bastien Pelletier\u2019s lives were overturned in 2019 with the news that three out of their four young children have a rare and irreversible eye disorder that usually leads to blindness.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">They began preparing their children by teaching them the skills they&#8217;d need to navigate life without sight\u2014and by taking them on a journey around the world &#8220;to fill their visual memory with&#8230;beautiful things&#8221; before the condition worsens. This journey was documented in the new <i>National Geographic<!-- -->\u00a0<\/i><a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/films.nationalgeographic.com\/blink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">film<\/a><u>,<\/u>\u00a0<i>Blink, <\/i>which premiered on October 4.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">The disease the Pelletier children have is known as retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable condition<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->that affects about<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519518\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one in 4,000 people in the United States<!-- -->\u00a0<\/a>and is the<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9232096\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leading cause<\/a>\u00a0<!-- -->of visual disability and blindness in people under 60.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">(<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/myopia-near-sighted-kids-glasses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Why are so many children being diagnosed with myopia?<\/i><\/a>)<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">While it affects families in many ways, &#8220;it&#8217;s the severity of the disease combined with the lack of treatment that makes the situation so desperate for patients,&#8221; says Henry Klassen, an ophthalmologist and director of the Stem Cell <!-- -->&amp;<!-- --> Retinal Regeneration program at the University of California, Irvine, who is conducting multiple clinical trials to find a treatment for the disorder.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Here&#8217;s what retinitis pigmentosa is, what causes it, and whether there is anything that can be done to prevent or treat it.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"RxNCg PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq\">What is retinitis pigmentosa?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Though many people think of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) as a singular disorder, it&#8217;s actually<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/retinitis-pigmentosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a group of<\/a><a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nei.nih.gov%2Flearn-about-eye-health%2Feye-conditions-and-diseases%2Fretinitis-pigmentosa&amp;data=05%7C02%7C%7C31c6f7c61182480d991608dce75ea49d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638639640887645724%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=uLVCqnWf%2BiYazZPTEp4tgnfZXThj5mexSEE8etYO8jo%3D&amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0<\/a>rare eye disorders\u2014all of which affect the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye known as the retina.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">This layer of tissue is made up of cells called photoreceptors, which are responsible for everything we see.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">&#8220;Photoreceptors are the key to collecting the light that comes into the eye and sending it to the brain to form our vision,&#8221; says Laura Di Meglio, an instructor of ophthalmology at the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. She explains that there are two types of photoreceptors: rods and cones. Rods help with night and peripheral vision while cones facilitate central vision and help us see in color.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"oLzSq QrHMO fnRUo pvsTF EhJPu vPlOC zNYgW OsTsW RMeqy daRVX ISNQ sKyCY eRftA acPPc MENS nFwaT MCnQE mEeeY SmBjI xegrY rPLsU iulOd NIuqO zzscu lzDCc aHUBM IEgzD OjMNy eQqcx SVqKB GQmdz jaoD VWDdR ONJdw vrZxD OnRTz gbbfF roDbV GPGwb oMlSS gfNzt oJhud eXZcf zhVlX \">\n<div>\n<figure class=\"  kzIjN GNmeK pYrtp dSqFO \" data-testid=\"prism-figure\">\n<div class=\"Kiog gTIDq DtvAy ZcEtc IRwwZ \">\n<div class=\"lZur asrEW \">\n<figure class=\"kzIjN GNmeK pYrtp dSqFO \" data-testid=\"prism-figure\">\n<div class=\"GpQCA lZur \" style=\"padding-bottom:100%\" data-testid=\"prism-ratio-frame\">\n<div class=\"FvQLF iLTd NqeUA UzzHi iWsMV \"><picture data-testid=\"prism-picture\"><source media=\"(max-width: 374px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=374&amp;h=374, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=748&amp;h=748 2x\"\/><source media=\"(min-width: 375px) and (max-width: 413px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=413&amp;h=413, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=826&amp;h=826 2x\"\/><source media=\"(min-width: 414px) and (max-width: 767px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=718&amp;h=718, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=1436&amp;h=1436 2x\"\/><source media=\"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=718&amp;h=718, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=1436&amp;h=1436 2x\"\/><source media=\"(min-width: 1025px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=1280, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=2560&amp;h=2560 2x\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An orange circle representing a scan of a healthy retina of a human eye.\" class=\"bmjsw TmzDJ DXqUA UMBA UbGlr  hsDdd \" data-testid=\"prism-image\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg\"\/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><button aria-label=\"Open Fullscreen\" class=\"xjUSk NatTH NqeUA dZTKY QMxMQ XbEWk hswTp nkbp lIDy hUQGO gWRci aNnIu GDslh LpcJi wardV kcRqD fhCRd MYLFX RkJsE iEOQC yaNWn ZUpvj HoXXr  mLASH egFzk qXWHA ScoIf bnIxg jIRH wNxoc OJpwZ BOFPn wSPfd ofvJb bMrzT YIauu gGlNh ARCOA kyjTO xqlN aANqO aNnIu GDslh LjPJo RpDvg YYtC rTpcz EDgo UVTAB oxVnu sXtkB AAqU fctVp ENhiS kCffO \" data-testid=\"prism-ImageViewer_ExpandButton\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"CSJky pdAzW JSFPu \"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" \" data-testid=\"prism-iconography\" height=\"1em\" role=\"presentation\" viewbox=\"0 0 48 48\" width=\"1em\" data-icon=\"view-fullscreenEnter\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M6.48 11.24V16h3.04V9.52H16V6.48H6.48v4.76M32 8v1.52h6.48V16h3.04V6.48H32V8M6.48 36.76v4.76H16v-3.04H9.52V32H6.48v4.76m32-1.52v3.24H32v3.04h9.52V32h-3.04v3.24\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/button><figcaption>\n<div class=\"nMMea bNYiy Mjgpa dGwha DDmxa jgKNG RGHCC aBIU PriDW lZur tSkSq \" data-testid=\"prism-caption\">\n<p><span class=\"hsDdd OOSI GpQCA lZur VlFaz \" data-testid=\"prism-truncate\"><span><span class=\"gtOSm FbbUW tUtYa vOCwz EQwFq yCufu eEak Qmvg nyTIa SRXVc vzLa jgBfc WXDas CiUCW kqbG zrdEG txGfn ygKVe BbezD UOtxr CVfpq xijV soGRS XgdC sEIlf daWqJ \">This computer illustration depicts what a normal retina looks like.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"YNujN JGtjI aZFDu rkKLh  gtOSm FbbUW tUtYa vOCwz EQwFq yCufu eEak Qmvg nyTIa SRXVc vzLa jgBfc WXDas CiUCW kqbG zrdEG txGfn ygKVe BbezD UOtxr CVfpq xijV soGRS XgdC sEIlf daWqJ \">Illustration by Kateryna Kon, Science Photo Library<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lZur asrEW \">\n<figure class=\"kzIjN GNmeK pYrtp dSqFO \" data-testid=\"prism-figure\">\n<div class=\"GpQCA lZur \" style=\"padding-bottom:100%\" data-testid=\"prism-ratio-frame\">\n<div class=\"FvQLF iLTd NqeUA UzzHi iWsMV \"><picture data-testid=\"prism-picture\"><source media=\"(max-width: 374px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=374&amp;h=374, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=748&amp;h=748 2x\"\/><source media=\"(min-width: 375px) and (max-width: 413px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=413&amp;h=413, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=826&amp;h=826 2x\"\/><source media=\"(min-width: 414px) and (max-width: 767px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=718&amp;h=718, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=1436&amp;h=1436 2x\"\/><source media=\"(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=718&amp;h=718, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=1436&amp;h=1436 2x\"\/><source media=\"(min-width: 1025px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=1280, https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=2560&amp;h=2560 2x\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An orange circle representing a scan of a retina of a human eye affected by retinitis pigmentosa.\" class=\"bmjsw TmzDJ DXqUA UMBA UbGlr  hsDdd \" data-testid=\"prism-image\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg\"\/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><button aria-label=\"Open Fullscreen\" class=\"xjUSk NatTH NqeUA dZTKY QMxMQ XbEWk hswTp nkbp lIDy hUQGO gWRci aNnIu GDslh LpcJi wardV kcRqD fhCRd MYLFX RkJsE iEOQC yaNWn ZUpvj HoXXr  mLASH egFzk qXWHA ScoIf bnIxg jIRH wNxoc OJpwZ BOFPn wSPfd ofvJb bMrzT YIauu gGlNh ARCOA kyjTO xqlN aANqO aNnIu GDslh LjPJo RpDvg YYtC rTpcz EDgo UVTAB oxVnu sXtkB AAqU fctVp ENhiS kCffO \" data-testid=\"prism-ImageViewer_ExpandButton\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"CSJky pdAzW JSFPu \"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" \" data-testid=\"prism-iconography\" height=\"1em\" role=\"presentation\" viewbox=\"0 0 48 48\" width=\"1em\" data-icon=\"view-fullscreenEnter\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M6.48 11.24V16h3.04V9.52H16V6.48H6.48v4.76M32 8v1.52h6.48V16h3.04V6.48H32V8M6.48 36.76v4.76H16v-3.04H9.52V32H6.48v4.76m32-1.52v3.24H32v3.04h9.52V32h-3.04v3.24\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/button><figcaption>\n<div class=\"nMMea bNYiy Mjgpa dGwha DDmxa jgKNG RGHCC aBIU PriDW lZur tSkSq \" data-testid=\"prism-caption\">\n<p><span class=\"hsDdd OOSI GpQCA lZur VlFaz \" data-testid=\"prism-truncate\"><span><span class=\"gtOSm FbbUW tUtYa vOCwz EQwFq yCufu eEak Qmvg nyTIa SRXVc vzLa jgBfc WXDas CiUCW kqbG zrdEG txGfn ygKVe BbezD UOtxr CVfpq xijV soGRS XgdC sEIlf daWqJ \">This illustration depicts an eye with retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic eye disease marked by attenuated blood vessels, pigmentary bone spicules, and the waxy appearance of the optic disc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"YNujN JGtjI aZFDu rkKLh  gtOSm FbbUW tUtYa vOCwz EQwFq yCufu eEak Qmvg nyTIa SRXVc vzLa jgBfc WXDas CiUCW kqbG zrdEG txGfn ygKVe BbezD UOtxr CVfpq xijV soGRS XgdC sEIlf daWqJ \">Illustration by Kateryna Kon, Science Photo Library<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">(<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/magazine\/article\/explore-decoder-eyes-pixel-limits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>How eyes make sense of the world<\/i><\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">When someone experiences RP, their rods are usually affected first, which is why an early sign of the disease is struggling to see at night. Another sign is bumping into things on one&#8217;s side\u2014caused by lost peripheral vision. Once cone cells begin to deteriorate as well, the person may experience color blindness and often eventually loses their sight completely.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Because it&#8217;s progressive in nature, RP isn\u2019t often diagnosed <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ucsfhealth.org\/conditions\/retinitis-pigmentosa\">until a child is at least 10<\/a>\u2014though it&#8217;s not uncommon for it to be diagnosed earlier or for its discovery to be missed until one&#8217;s 20s, 30s, or even 50s.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">&#8220;Even if you can see quite well earlier in life, the loss of vision related to RP is so relentless that, bit by bit, all ability to see can ultimately be lost,&#8221; says Klassen.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"RxNCg PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq\">What causes retinitis pigmentosa?<!-- -->\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">While the U.S. National Eye Institute<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/retinitis-pigmentosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notes that<\/a> RP can be caused by factors such as infections, medication, or eye injuries, the disease is most commonly something you\u2019re born with.<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">This is because RP is caused by mutations in the genes that control cells in the retina. And it\u2019s not just a single gene that\u2019s the culprit. Instead, &#8220;mutations in as many as a hundred different genes cause RP,&#8221; explains Vinit Mahajan, a retina specialist and the vice chair for research at Stanford University\u2019s Byers Eye Institute.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">(<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/culture\/article\/face-blindness-writer-essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>What life is like when your brain can&#8217;t recognize faces<\/i><\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Nor is a single type of mutation responsible as variations within each gene can also lead to the disease. Because of such factors, more than 3,100 different mutations <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519518\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have been identified<\/a>\u00a0<!-- -->as contributing to RP.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Even still, Mahajan notes that not every family member of an affected person will develop RP. Genetic testing is recommended to know for sure.<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- --> <!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"RxNCg PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq\">Who is more likely to have retinitis pigmentosa?<!-- -->\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">The inherited nature of the disease is also why RP is more common in cultures where there is a smaller gene pool and therefore higher instances of marriages between distant relatives.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">This is one reason<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5138164\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research shows<\/a> genetic disorders being more common in certain South Asian populations, for example. &#8220;South India also has a higher incidence of RP\u2014one in 930\u2014and China has an incidence of one in 1,000,&#8221; says John Galanis, an ophthalmologist in St. Louis, Missouri.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">(<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/trauma-genes-inherit-epigenetics-methylation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Can trauma be inherited through genes?<\/i><\/a>)<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Despite such associations, &#8220;there is not necessarily any predilection of RP in any race or ethnicity,&#8221; says Marc Mathias, an associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. &#8220;It can affect anyone, anywhere.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"RxNCg PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq\">Why isn&#8217;t retinitis pigmentosa preventable or treatable?<!-- -->\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">One of the most challenging aspects of RP is that it can&#8217;t usually be prevented or treated. This is due to the enormous number of gene mutations that cause the disease and the fact<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->that the retina is part of the central nervous system, &#8220;which lacks regenerative capacity in humans,&#8221; says Klassen. In other words, once the cells die, they do not grow back.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">In some cases, Mathias adds, it\u2019s not even possible to identify the gene that\u2019s causing the disease.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">However, he says that decades of extensive research aimed at treating RP are beginning to pay off.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"RxNCg PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq\">Is hope on the horizon?<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Recent advancements in gene therapy, for instance, have given scientists hope for finding treatment. The U.S. Food <!-- -->&amp;<!-- --> Drug Administration<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/cellular-gene-therapy-products\/what-gene-therapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notes<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->that gene therapy may involve<\/a>\u00a0<!-- -->replacing a disease-causing gene with a healthy copy of the gene; destroying a problematic gene;<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->or introducing a new or modified gene to help treat the disease.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">These forms of gene therapy are at the center of dozens of RP-related<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/search?cond=Retinitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trials<\/a>\u2014and one therapy has<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-novel-gene-therapy-treat-patients-rare-form-inherited-vision-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">already been FDA approved<\/a>. Called Luxurtna, it targets only two specific gene abnormalities related to RP\u2014meaning it can only help a subpopulation of about 0.3 to 1 percent of all RP patients, explains Galanis.<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">A<!-- -->\u00a0<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8512476\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">number of studies<\/a>\u00a0<!-- -->from the late \u201890s and early 2000s also suggested that vitamin A and supplements like fish oil and lutein may help prevent RP\u2014but Galanis says these studies were correlational and not causal. Mathias agrees, but notes that there is currently at least one promising ongoing clinical trial, which is looking at whether a powerful antioxidant, called N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), &#8220;may slow down cone cell loss in patients with RP.&#8221;<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Beyond such advancements and interventions, Mathias says degeneration can at least be slowed by maintaining strong retinal health\u2014which involves eating healthy, exercising, avoiding smoking, and wearing protective eyewear when out in the sun.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">Ninel Gregori, a Miami-based ophthalmologist and the spokesperson for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, says that early detection can also help RP patients stay independent longer.<!-- -->\u00a0<!-- -->She adds that supportive treatment such as orientation and mobility training and psychological support can also be helpful.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy\">As for new frontiers of research, Mahajan says genetic testing capabilities have vastly improved and that scientists <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/search?cond=Retinitis\">are researching<\/a> many innovative therapies such as additional gene therapies, small molecule drugs, retinal cell transplants, and electronic-support devices.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG nlgHS yuUao lqtkC eTIW sUzSN\">&#8220;While research takes time,&#8221; says Mathias, &#8220;the future is bright and the hope for more RP treatments is driven by dedicated researchers and an industry continually striving to save 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This journey was documented in the new <i>National Geographic&nbsp;<\/i><a href=\\\"https:\/\/films.nationalgeographic.com\/blink\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">film<\/a><u>,<\/u>&nbsp;<i>Blink, <\/i>which premiered on October 4.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html2\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"The disease the Pelletier children have is known as retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable condition&nbsp;that affects about&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519518\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">one in 4,000 people in the United States&nbsp;<\/a>and is the&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9232096\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">leading cause<\/a>&nbsp;of visual disability and blindness in people under 60.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html3\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"(<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/myopia-near-sighted-kids-glasses\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><i>Why are so many children being diagnosed with myopia?<\/i><\/a>)\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html4\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"While it affects families in many ways, \\\"it's the severity of the disease combined with the lack of treatment that makes the situation so desperate for patients,\\\" says Henry Klassen, an ophthalmologist and director of the Stem Cell &amp; Retinal Regeneration program at the University of California, Irvine, who is conducting multiple clinical trials to find a treatment for the disorder.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html5\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Here's what retinitis pigmentosa is, what causes it, and whether there is anything that can be done to prevent or treat it.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"f6590ccc-a48b-4eb0-bd26-dd8eaac8ea40\",\"cntnt\":{\"id\":\"f6590ccc-a48b-4eb0-bd26-dd8eaac8ea40\",\"cmsType\":\"youtube\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/z6Vw1raPngY\"},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html6\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"What is retinitis pigmentosa?\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html7\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Though many people think of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) as a singular disorder, it's actually&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/retinitis-pigmentosa\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">a group of<\/a><a href=\\\"https:\/\/na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/retinitis-pigmentosa&amp;data=05|02||31c6f7c61182480d991608dce75ea49d|84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa|1|0|638639640887645724|Unknown|TWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0=|0|||&amp;sdata=uLVCqnWf+iYazZPTEp4tgnfZXThj5mexSEE8etYO8jo=&amp;reserved=0\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">&nbsp;<\/a>rare eye disorders\u2014all of which affect the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye known as the retina.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html8\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"This layer of tissue is made up of cells called photoreceptors, which are responsible for everything we see.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html9\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\\\"Photoreceptors are the key to collecting the light that comes into the eye and sending it to the brain to form our vision,\\\" says Laura Di Meglio, an instructor of ophthalmology at the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. She explains that there are two types of photoreceptors: rods and cones. Rods help with night and peripheral vision while cones facilitate central vision and help us see in color.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"60114c17-830d-4a09-bd20-8342c04a0338\",\"cntnt\":{\"cmsType\":\"imagegroup\",\"hasCopyright\":true,\"id\":\"60114c17-830d-4a09-bd20-8342c04a0338\",\"align\":\"pageWidth\",\"groupCredit\":\"Illustration by Kateryna Kon, Science Photo Library\",\"images\":[{\"aspectRatio\":1,\"alt\":\"An orange circle representing a scan of a healthy retina of a human eye.\",\"caption\":\"This computer illustration depicts what a normal retina looks like.\",\"image\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg\",\"altText\":\"An orange circle representing a scan of a healthy retina of a human eye.\",\"crdt\":\"Illustration by Kateryna Kon, Science Photo Library\",\"dsc\":\"Computer illustration of a normal retina.\",\"ttl\":\"F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nComputer illustration of a normal retina.\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina\"}},\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg\"},{\"aspectRatio\":1,\"alt\":\"An orange circle representing a scan of a retina of a human eye affected by retinitis pigmentosa.\",\"caption\":\"This illustration depicts an eye with retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic eye disease marked by attenuated blood vessels, pigmentary bone spicules, and the waxy appearance of the optic disc.\",\"image\":{\"crps\":[{\"nm\":\"raw\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"16x9\",\"aspRto\":1.7777777777777777,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration_16x9.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x2\",\"aspRto\":1.5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration_3x2.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"square\",\"aspRto\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration_square.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x3\",\"aspRto\":0.6666666666666666,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration_2x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"3x4\",\"aspRto\":0.75,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration_3x4.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"4x3\",\"aspRto\":1.3333333333333333,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration_4x3.jpg\"},{\"nm\":\"2x1\",\"aspRto\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration_2x1.jpg\"}],\"rt\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg\",\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg\",\"altText\":\"An orange circle representing a scan of a retina of a human eye affected by retinitis pigmentosa.\",\"crdt\":\"Illustration by Kateryna Kon, Science Photo Library\",\"dsc\":\"Computer illustration of retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic eye disease, showing a retina with attenuated blood vessels, pigmentary bone spicules and the waxy appearance of the optic disc.\",\"ttl\":\"F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"\nComputer illustration of retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic eye disease, showing a retina with attenuated blood vessels, pigmentary bone spicules and the waxy appearance of the optic disc.\n\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration\"}},\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg\"}],\"size\":\"medium\"},\"type\":\"inline\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html10\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"(<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/magazine\/article\/explore-decoder-eyes-pixel-limits\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><i>How eyes make sense of the world<\/i><\/a>.)\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html11\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"When someone experiences RP, their rods are usually affected first, which is why an early sign of the disease is struggling to see at night. Another sign is bumping into things on one's side\u2014caused by lost peripheral vision. Once cone cells begin to deteriorate as well, the person may experience color blindness and often eventually loses their sight completely.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html12\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Because it's progressive in nature, RP isn\u2019t often diagnosed <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ucsfhealth.org\/conditions\/retinitis-pigmentosa\\\">until a child is at least 10<\/a>\u2014though it's not uncommon for it to be diagnosed earlier or for its discovery to be missed until one's 20s, 30s, or even 50s.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html13\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\\\"Even if you can see quite well earlier in life, the loss of vision related to RP is so relentless that, bit by bit, all ability to see can ultimately be lost,\\\" says Klassen.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html14\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"What causes retinitis pigmentosa?&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html15\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"While the U.S. National Eye Institute&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/retinitis-pigmentosa\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">notes that<\/a> RP can be caused by factors such as infections, medication, or eye injuries, the disease is most commonly something you\u2019re born with.&nbsp;&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html16\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"This is because RP is caused by mutations in the genes that control cells in the retina. And it\u2019s not just a single gene that\u2019s the culprit. Instead, \\\"mutations in as many as a hundred different genes cause RP,\\\" explains Vinit Mahajan, a retina specialist and the vice chair for research at Stanford University\u2019s Byers Eye Institute.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html17\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"(<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/culture\/article\/face-blindness-writer-essay\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><i>What life is like when your brain can't recognize faces<\/i><\/a>.)\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html18\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Nor is a single type of mutation responsible as variations within each gene can also lead to the disease. Because of such factors, more than 3,100 different mutations <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519518\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">have been identified<\/a>&nbsp;as contributing to RP.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html19\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Even still, Mahajan notes that not every family member of an affected person will develop RP. Genetic testing is recommended to know for sure.&nbsp; &nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html20\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Who is more likely to have retinitis pigmentosa?&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html21\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"The inherited nature of the disease is also why RP is more common in cultures where there is a smaller gene pool and therefore higher instances of marriages between distant relatives.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html22\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"This is one reason&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5138164\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">research shows<\/a> genetic disorders being more common in certain South Asian populations, for example. \\\"South India also has a higher incidence of RP\u2014one in 930\u2014and China has an incidence of one in 1,000,\\\" says John Galanis, an ophthalmologist in St. Louis, Missouri.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html23\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"(<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/trauma-genes-inherit-epigenetics-methylation\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><i>Can trauma be inherited through genes?<\/i><\/a>)\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html24\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Despite such associations, \\\"there is not necessarily any predilection of RP in any race or ethnicity,\\\" says Marc Mathias, an associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. \\\"It can affect anyone, anywhere.\\\"\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html25\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Why isn't retinitis pigmentosa preventable or treatable?&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html26\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"One of the most challenging aspects of RP is that it can't usually be prevented or treated. This is due to the enormous number of gene mutations that cause the disease and the fact&nbsp;that the retina is part of the central nervous system, \\\"which lacks regenerative capacity in humans,\\\" says Klassen. In other words, once the cells die, they do not grow back.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html27\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"In some cases, Mathias adds, it\u2019s not even possible to identify the gene that\u2019s causing the disease.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html28\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"However, he says that decades of extensive research aimed at treating RP are beginning to pay off.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html29\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Is hope on the horizon?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html30\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Recent advancements in gene therapy, for instance, have given scientists hope for finding treatment. The U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/cellular-gene-therapy-products\/what-gene-therapy\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">notes&nbsp;that gene therapy may involve<\/a>&nbsp;replacing a disease-causing gene with a healthy copy of the gene; destroying a problematic gene;&nbsp;or introducing a new or modified gene to help treat the disease.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html31\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"These forms of gene therapy are at the center of dozens of RP-related&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/search?cond=Retinitis\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">clinical trials<\/a>\u2014and one therapy has&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-novel-gene-therapy-treat-patients-rare-form-inherited-vision-loss\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">already been FDA approved<\/a>. Called Luxurtna, it targets only two specific gene abnormalities related to RP\u2014meaning it can only help a subpopulation of about 0.3 to 1 percent of all RP patients, explains Galanis.&nbsp;&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html32\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"A&nbsp;<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8512476\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">number of studies<\/a>&nbsp;from the late \u201890s and early 2000s also suggested that vitamin A and supplements like fish oil and lutein may help prevent RP\u2014but Galanis says these studies were correlational and not causal. Mathias agrees, but notes that there is currently at least one promising ongoing clinical trial, which is looking at whether a powerful antioxidant, called N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), \\\"may slow down cone cell loss in patients with RP.\\\"&nbsp;&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html33\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Beyond such advancements and interventions, Mathias says degeneration can at least be slowed by maintaining strong retinal health\u2014which involves eating healthy, exercising, avoiding smoking, and wearing protective eyewear when out in the sun.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html34\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Ninel Gregori, a Miami-based ophthalmologist and the spokesperson for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, says that early detection can also help RP patients stay independent longer.&nbsp;She adds that supportive treatment such as orientation and mobility training and psychological support can also be helpful.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html35\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"As for new frontiers of research, Mahajan says genetic testing capabilities have vastly improved and that scientists <a href=\\\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/search?cond=Retinitis\\\">are researching<\/a> many innovative therapies such as additional gene therapies, small molecule drugs, retinal cell transplants, and electronic-support devices.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html36\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\\\"While research takes time,\\\" says Mathias, \\\"the future is bright and the hope for more RP treatments is driven by dedicated researchers and an industry continually striving to save sight.\\\"\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}}],\"cid\":\"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:4cd0feae-8520-449c-afb1-e38813ea702f\",\"cntrbGrp\":[{\"contributors\":[{\"displayName\":\"Daryl 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Blink.\",\"sclImg\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/87a2b240-c1c2-4538-b25a-f0a71644208a\/C0180520-Retina_layers_SEM_16x9.jpg?w=1200\",\"sclTtl\":\"What is retinitis pigmentosa\u2014the vision disorder in the movie Blink?\"},\"sctn\":\"Science\",\"wrdcnt\":1416,\"trnctnMssg\":{\"id\":\"freemium-truncation-tile-1\",\"cmsType\":\"PaywallTile\",\"subtype\":\"truncation\",\"title\":\"Unlock this story for free\",\"subtitle\":\"Create an account to read the full story and get unlimited access to hundreds of Nat Geo articles.\",\"ctas\":[{\"text\":\"Sign Up\",\"target\":\"_self\",\"type\":\"oneid\",\"useOneID\":true},{\"text\":\"Sign In.\",\"target\":\"_self\",\"type\":\"oneid\",\"useOneID\":true}],\"firstText\":\"for your free account.\",\"secondText\":\"If you already have an account,\",\"campaignName\":\"20230328_freemium_general_global_truncation\"},\"upsell\":{\"upsell\":{\"id\":\"f6add95b-b5c7-47f0-84e5-a8a575c5b5db\",\"cmsType\":\"PromoTile\",\"title\":\" YEAR-LONG ADVENTURE for every 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and S\u00e9bastien Pelletier\u2019s lives were overturned in 2019 with the news that three out of their four young children have a rare and irreversible eye disorder that usually leads to blindness.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"They began preparing their children by teaching them the skills they'd need to navigate life without sight\u2014and by taking them on a journey around the world \\\"to fill their visual memory with...beautiful things\\\" before the condition worsens. This journey was documented in the new \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"National Geographic\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"film\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/films.nationalgeographic.com\/blink\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},{\"type\":\"u\",\"content\":[\",\"]},\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Blink, \"]},\"which premiered on October 4.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"The disease the Pelletier children have is known as retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable condition\",\"\u00a0\",\"that affects about\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"one in 4,000 people in the United States\",\"\u00a0\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519518\/\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\"and is the\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"leading cause\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9232096\/\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\"\u00a0\",\"of visual disability and blindness in people under 60.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-1\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[320,50]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"(\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Why are so many children being diagnosed with myopia?\"]}],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/myopia-near-sighted-kids-glasses\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\")\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"While it affects families in many ways, \\\"it's the severity of the disease combined with the lack of treatment that makes the situation so desperate for patients,\\\" says Henry Klassen, an ophthalmologist and director of the Stem Cell \",\"&\",\" Retinal Regeneration program at the University of California, Irvine, who is conducting multiple clinical trials to find a treatment for the disorder.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Here's what retinitis pigmentosa is, what causes it, and whether there is anything that can be done to prevent or treat it.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"SocialEmbed\",\"props\":{\"caption\":{\"title\":null,\"text\":null,\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\"},\"network\":\"youtube\",\"markup\":\"%3Ciframe%20src%3D%22https%3A\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/z6Vw1raPngY%22%20frameborder%3D%220%22%20allowfullscreen%3D%22%22%3E%3C\/iframe%3E\",\"encMethod\":\"esc\",\"tmsEnabled\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"full\",\"alignXxs\":\"full\"}}},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"What is retinitis pigmentosa?\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Though many people think of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) as a singular disorder, it's actually\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"a group of\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/retinitis-pigmentosa\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"\u00a0\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nei.nih.gov%2Flearn-about-eye-health%2Feye-conditions-and-diseases%2Fretinitis-pigmentosa&data=05%7C02%7C%7C31c6f7c61182480d991608dce75ea49d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638639640887645724%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=uLVCqnWf%2BiYazZPTEp4tgnfZXThj5mexSEE8etYO8jo%3D&reserved=0\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\"rare eye disorders\u2014all of which affect the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye known as the retina.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"This layer of tissue is made up of cells called photoreceptors, which are responsible for everything we see.\",\"\u00a0\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\\\"Photoreceptors are the key to collecting the light that comes into the eye and sending it to the brain to form our vision,\\\" says Laura Di Meglio, an instructor of ophthalmology at the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. She explains that there are two types of photoreceptors: rods and cones. Rods help with night and peripheral vision while cones facilitate central vision and help us see in color.\",\"\u00a0\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"ImageGroup\",\"props\":{\"images\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg\",\"alt\":\"An orange circle representing a scan of a healthy retina of a human eye.\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=374&h=374\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=748&h=748\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=413&h=413\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=826&h=826\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=718&h=718\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=1436&h=1436\"},\"max\":767,\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=718&h=718\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=1436&h=1436\"},\"max\":1024,\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=1280&h=1280\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e1212100-2b34-4254-814d-abfe7d490977\/F0378611-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration-CROP_normal_retina.jpg?w=2560&h=2560\"},\"min\":1025,\"nativeWidth\":1280}],\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Illustration by Kateryna Kon, Science Photo Library\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"This computer illustration depicts what a normal retina looks like.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg\",\"alt\":\"An orange circle representing a scan of a retina of a human eye affected by retinitis pigmentosa.\",\"sources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=374&h=374\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=748&h=748\"},\"max\":374,\"nativeWidth\":374},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=413&h=413\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=826&h=826\"},\"max\":413,\"min\":375,\"nativeWidth\":413},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=718&h=718\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=1436&h=1436\"},\"max\":767,\"min\":414,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=718&h=718\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=1436&h=1436\"},\"max\":1024,\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":718},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=1280&h=1280\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4509acd8-be1e-4099-8d0a-bf5e8f172ffd\/F0378628-Retinitis_pigmentosa_illustration.jpg?w=2560&h=2560\"},\"min\":1025,\"nativeWidth\":1280}],\"caption\":{\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"Illustration by Kateryna Kon, Science Photo Library\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"This illustration depicts an eye with retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic eye disease marked by attenuated blood vessels, pigmentary bone spicules, and the waxy appearance of the optic disc.\",\"lines\":3,\"showMoreText\":\"Read More\",\"showLess\":false}}],\"ratio\":{\"height\":3500,\"width\":3500},\"disableFullscreen\":false},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"align\":\"full\",\"alignXxs\":\"full\",\"gridDisplayMode\":\"full\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"(\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"How eyes make sense of the world\"]}],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/magazine\/article\/explore-decoder-eyes-pixel-limits\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\".)\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"When someone experiences RP, their rods are usually affected first, which is why an early sign of the disease is struggling to see at night. Another sign is bumping into things on one's side\u2014caused by lost peripheral vision. Once cone cells begin to deteriorate as well, the person may experience color blindness and often eventually loses their sight completely.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Because it's progressive in nature, RP isn\u2019t often diagnosed \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"until a child is at least 10\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.ucsfhealth.org\/conditions\/retinitis-pigmentosa\"}},\"\u2014though it's not uncommon for it to be diagnosed earlier or for its discovery to be missed until one's 20s, 30s, or even 50s.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\\\"Even if you can see quite well earlier in life, the loss of vision related to RP is so relentless that, bit by bit, all ability to see can ultimately be lost,\\\" says Klassen.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-2\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[320,50]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"What causes retinitis pigmentosa?\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"While the U.S. National Eye Institute\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"notes that\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/retinitis-pigmentosa\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\" RP can be caused by factors such as infections, medication, or eye injuries, the disease is most commonly something you\u2019re born with.\",\"\u00a0\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"This is because RP is caused by mutations in the genes that control cells in the retina. And it\u2019s not just a single gene that\u2019s the culprit. Instead, \\\"mutations in as many as a hundred different genes cause RP,\\\" explains Vinit Mahajan, a retina specialist and the vice chair for research at Stanford University\u2019s Byers Eye Institute.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"(\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"What life is like when your brain can't recognize faces\"]}],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/culture\/article\/face-blindness-writer-essay\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\".)\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Nor is a single type of mutation responsible as variations within each gene can also lead to the disease. Because of such factors, more than 3,100 different mutations \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"have been identified\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519518\/\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\"\u00a0\",\"as contributing to RP.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Even still, Mahajan notes that not every family member of an affected person will develop RP. Genetic testing is recommended to know for sure.\",\"\u00a0\",\" \",\"\u00a0\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-3\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[320,50]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"Who is more likely to have retinitis pigmentosa?\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"The inherited nature of the disease is also why RP is more common in cultures where there is a smaller gene pool and therefore higher instances of marriages between distant relatives.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"This is one reason\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"research shows\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5138164\/\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\" genetic disorders being more common in certain South Asian populations, for example. \\\"South India also has a higher incidence of RP\u2014one in 930\u2014and China has an incidence of one in 1,000,\\\" says John Galanis, an ophthalmologist in St. Louis, Missouri.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"(\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Can trauma be inherited through genes?\"]}],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/trauma-genes-inherit-epigenetics-methylation\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\")\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Despite such associations, \\\"there is not necessarily any predilection of RP in any race or ethnicity,\\\" says Marc Mathias, an associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. \\\"It can affect anyone, anywhere.\\\"\"]},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"Why isn't retinitis pigmentosa preventable or treatable?\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"One of the most challenging aspects of RP is that it can't usually be prevented or treated. This is due to the enormous number of gene mutations that cause the disease and the fact\",\"\u00a0\",\"that the retina is part of the central nervous system, \\\"which lacks regenerative capacity in humans,\\\" says Klassen. In other words, once the cells die, they do not grow back.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"In some cases, Mathias adds, it\u2019s not even possible to identify the gene that\u2019s causing the disease.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"However, he says that decades of extensive research aimed at treating RP are beginning to pay off.\"]},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"Is hope on the horizon?\",\"\u00a0\",\"\u00a0\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Recent advancements in gene therapy, for instance, have given scientists hope for finding treatment. The U.S. Food \",\"&\",\" Drug Administration\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"notes\",\"\u00a0\",\"that gene therapy may involve\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/cellular-gene-therapy-products\/what-gene-therapy\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\"\u00a0\",\"replacing a disease-causing gene with a healthy copy of the gene; destroying a problematic gene;\",\"\u00a0\",\"or introducing a new or modified gene to help treat the disease.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"These forms of gene therapy are at the center of dozens of RP-related\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"clinical trials\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/search?cond=Retinitis\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\"\u2014and one therapy has\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"already been FDA approved\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-novel-gene-therapy-treat-patients-rare-form-inherited-vision-loss\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\". Called Luxurtna, it targets only two specific gene abnormalities related to RP\u2014meaning it can only help a subpopulation of about 0.3 to 1 percent of all RP patients, explains Galanis.\",\"\u00a0\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"A\",\"\u00a0\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"number of studies\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8512476\/\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\"\u00a0\",\"from the late \u201890s and early 2000s also suggested that vitamin A and supplements like fish oil and lutein may help prevent RP\u2014but Galanis says these studies were correlational and not causal. 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