{"id":115716,"date":"2024-10-18T22:28:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T15:28:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=115716"},"modified":"2024-10-18T22:28:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T15:28:47","slug":"origins-of-humanitys-love-of-carbs-revealed-new-study-suggests","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=115716","title":{"rendered":"Origins of humanity\u2019s love of carbs revealed, new study suggests"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-editable=\"content\" itemprop=\"articleBody\" data-reorderable=\"content\">\n<p data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/editor-note\/instances\/cm2dpfq4o000c356mjr9vcupk@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"editor-note\" class=\"editor-note vossi-editor-note inline-placeholder \" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n    <em>Sign up for CNN\u2019s Wonder Theory science newsletter.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/newsletters\/wonder-theory?source=nl-acq_article\"><em>Explore the universe with news on fascinating discoveries, scientific advancements and more<\/em><\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n    <cite class=\"source__cite\"><br \/>\n      <span class=\"source__location\" data-editable=\"location\"\/><br \/>\n      <span class=\"source__text\" data-editable=\"source\">CNN<\/span><br \/>\n        \u00a0\u2014\u00a0<br \/>\n    <\/cite>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2dpcs4y000m26p70vefgbrv@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            The origin of modern humans\u2019 long-standing love affair with carbs may predate our existence as a species, according to a new study.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eqgwas00023b6m8lz29rit@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            A once prevailing stereotype of ancient humans feasting on mammoth steak and other hunks of meat helped foster the idea of a protein-heavy diet that was necessary to fuel the development of a large brain.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo4hsc0001356mzo1lx69i@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            But archaeological evidence in recent years has challenged this view, suggesting that humans long ago developed a taste for carbohydrates, roasting things such as tubers and other starch-laden foods that have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2021655118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">detected by analyzing bacteria<\/a> lodged in teeth.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo4hsc0002356m7fu84u48@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            The new research, published in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adn0609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science<\/a> on Thursday, offers the first hereditary evidence for early carb-laden diets. Scientists traced the evolution of a gene that enables humans to digest starch more easily by breaking it down into simple sugars that our bodies can use for energy. The study revealed these genes duplicated long before the advent of agriculture.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eqi35400043b6m57jfk0ou@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            This expansion may even go back hundreds of thousands of years, long before our species, Homo sapiens, or even Neanderthals emerged as distinct human lineages.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo4hsc0003356mmt7qenhw@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            Researchers based at The Jackson Laboratory in Farmington, Connecticut, and the University of Buffalo in New York state analyzed the genomes of 68 ancient humans. The study team focused on a gene called AMY1, which allows humans to identify and begin breaking down complex carbohydrate starch in the mouth by producing the enzyme amylase. Without amylase, humans would not be able to digest foods such as potatoes, pasta, rice or bread.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo4hsc0004356mxz6wjrlq@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            Humans today have multiple copies of this gene, and the number varies from person to person. However, it has been tricky for geneticists to piece together how and when the number of these genes expanded \u2014 a reflection of when eating starch likely became advantageous for human health.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo4hsc0005356mbrrch74e@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            \u201cThe main question that we were trying to answer was, when did this duplication occur? So that\u2019s why we started studying ancient genomes,\u201d said the study\u2019s first author Feyza Yilmaz, an associate computational scientist at The Jackson Laboratory.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo4hsc0006356m6p28prkp@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            \u201cPrevious studies show that there\u2019s a correlation between AMY1 copy numbers and the amount of amylase enzyme that\u2019s released in our saliva. We wanted to understand whether it\u2019s an occurrence that is corresponding to the advent of agriculture. This is \u2026 a hot question,\u201d she said.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000b356m0xflu9zb@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            The team found that as far back as 45,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers \u2014 whose way of life predated agriculture \u2014 had an average of four to eight copies of AMY1, suggesting that Homo sapiens had a taste for starch long before the domestication of crops shaped human diets.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000c356mhwyia2am@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            The research also revealed duplication of the AMY1 gene existed in the genomes of Neanderthals and Denisovans, <a href=\"https:\/\/cnn.com\/2024\/07\/03\/science\/bone-analysis-denisovans-tibetan-plateau-scn\/index.html\">an extinct hominin<\/a> first discovered in 2010 about whom relatively little is known. The presence of multiple copies of the gene in three human species suggests that it was a trait shared by a common ancestor, before the different lineages split, according to the study.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000d356mrvv5imgs@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            That finding means archaic humans had more than one copy of AMY1 as far back as 800,000 years ago.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000e356muxsxmk2x@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            It\u2019s not clear exactly when the initial duplication of AMY1 took place, but it likely happened at random. The presence of more than one copy created a genetic opportunity that provided humans with an advantage for adapting to new diets, especially those rich in starch, as they encountered different environments.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000f356mrwyj1eeg@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            The analysis also showed that the number of AMY1 copies a person carries increased steeply in the past 4,000 years \u2014 likely favored by natural selection as humans adapted to the starch-rich diets resulting from the shift from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture and farming grains.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000g356m0ukul6ln@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            The study \u201cprovided compelling evidence\u201d of how the molecular machinery for converting difficult-to-digest starches into easily accessible sugars evolved in humans, said Taylor Hermes, an assistant professor in the department of anthropology at the University of Arkansas, who wasn\u2019t involved in the research.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000h356mnscq369x@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            What\u2019s more, the new research bolsters the emerging theory that it was carbs, rather than proteins, that provided the energy bump necessary for the increase in human brain size over time, he noted.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000i356mm6ura57u@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            \u201cThe authors finding that an increased copy number of the amylase gene, which results in a greater ability to break down<strong> <\/strong>starch, may have emerged hundreds of thousands of years before Neanderthals or Denisovans gives more credit to the idea that starches were being metabolized into simple sugars to fuel rapidly growing brain development during human evolution,\u201d Hermes said.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000j356mfa922rqr@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            \u201cWhile I think more testing with higher-quality ancient human genomes is warranted, I was surprised that the authors were able to detect multiple copies of amylase genes in Neanderthals and Denisovan genomes that have been previously published,\u201d Hermes added. \u201cThis shows the value in continuing to mine the genomes of our human ancestors for important medical and physiological records.\u201d\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000k356mtey4t1jg@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            It is challenging to understand how individual genes varied over time in populations, and the study is \u201cextremely impressive,\u201d said Christina Warinner, John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Social Sciences and Anthropology at Harvard University.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000l356mok41lioz@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            \u201cWe know that dietary shifts have played a central role in human evolution \u2026 but reconstructing these events that took place thousands, hundreds of thousands, and even millions of years ago is daunting,\u201d Warinner, who wasn\u2019t involved in the research, said.\n    <\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph inline-placeholder vossi-paragraph\" data-uri=\"cms.cnn.com\/_components\/paragraph\/instances\/cm2eo5bo7000m356m1rrdsdn9@published\" data-editable=\"text\" data-component-name=\"paragraph\" data-article-gutter=\"true\">\n            \u201cThis study\u2019s genomic sleuthing is helping to finally time stamp some of those major milestones, and it is revealing tantalizing clues about humanity\u2019s long love affair with starch.\u201d\n    <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/10\/18\/science\/carb-love-origins-carbohydrate-wellness\/index.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sign up for CNN\u2019s Wonder Theory science newsletter.\u00a0Explore the universe with news on fascinating discoveries, scientific advancements and more. CNN \u00a0\u2014\u00a0 The origin of modern humans\u2019 long-standing love affair with &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=115716\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=115716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115716\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=115716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=115716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=115716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}