{"id":116063,"date":"2024-10-19T20:13:46","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T13:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=116063"},"modified":"2024-10-19T20:13:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-19T13:13:46","slug":"the-alien-enemies-act-of-1798-explained-npr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=116063","title":{"rendered":"The Alien Enemies Act of 1798, explained : NPR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"storytext\">\n<div id=\"resg-s1-28908\" class=\"bucketwrap image large\">\n<div class=\"imagewrap has-source-dimensions\" data-crop-type=\"\" style=\"&#10;        --source-width: 4219;&#10;        --source-height: 2810;&#10;    \">\n        <picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/4219x2810+0+0\/resize\/1100\/quality\/85\/format\/webp\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fa6%2F3b%2Fd9c6d46c4933b4b2fdd0207f91e4%2Fap24285781176540.jpg\" class=\"img\" type=\"image\/webp\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/4219x2810+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fa6%2F3b%2Fd9c6d46c4933b4b2fdd0207f91e4%2Fap24285781176540.jpg\" data-format=\"webp\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/4219x2810+0+0\/resize\/1100\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fa6%2F3b%2Fd9c6d46c4933b4b2fdd0207f91e4%2Fap24285781176540.jpg\" class=\"img\" type=\"image\/jpeg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/4219x2810+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fa6%2F3b%2Fd9c6d46c4933b4b2fdd0207f91e4%2Fap24285781176540.jpg\" data-format=\"jpeg\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/4219x2810+0+0\/resize\/1100\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fa6%2F3b%2Fd9c6d46c4933b4b2fdd0207f91e4%2Fap24285781176540.jpg\" class=\"img\" alt=\"Republican presidential nominee former President Donald Trump salutes in Aurora, Colo. \" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/4219x2810+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fa6%2F3b%2Fd9c6d46c4933b4b2fdd0207f91e4%2Fap24285781176540.jpg\" data-format=\"jpeg\"\/>\n        <\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"credit-caption\">\n<div class=\"caption-wrap\">\n<div class=\"caption\" aria-label=\"Image caption\">\n<p>\n                Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump salutes in Aurora, Colo., on Oct. 11. At that rally and others, he spoke of using a centuries-old act to expedite deportation of certain undocumented migrants.<br \/>\n                <b class=\"credit\" aria-label=\"Image credit\"><\/p>\n<p>                    Alex Brandon\/AP<\/p>\n<p>                <\/b><br \/>\n                <b class=\"hide-caption\"><b>hide caption<\/b><\/b>\n            <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>            <b class=\"toggle-caption\"><b>toggle caption<\/b><\/b>\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <span class=\"credit\" aria-label=\"Image credit\"><\/p>\n<p>        Alex Brandon\/AP<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Former President Donald Trump, whose bid for the White House has been dominated by his increasingly hardline <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/09\/13\/g-s1-22770\/trump-post-debate-immigrants-haitian-migrants-springfield-ohio\"><u>anti-immigration rhetoric<\/u><\/a>, is vowing to use an obscure, centuries-old law to expedite the removal of undocumented migrants from the U.S.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI will invoke the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 to target and dismantle every migrant criminal network operating on American soil,\u201d he said at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rev.com\/blog\/transcripts\/trump-rally-at-coachella\"><u>recent rally in California<\/u><\/a>, one of several in which he has brought it up.<\/p>\n<p>Trump is promising that, if reelected, he will use the act to initiate a federal effort called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/10\/11\/nx-s1-5147400\/donald-trump-aurora-colorado-rally\"><u>Operation Aurora<\/u><\/a>\u201d \u2014 named after the Colorado town that he claims has been taken over by Venezuelan gangs, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/09\/06\/nx-s1-5100765\/aurora-police-chief-says-theres-no-evidence-that-venezuelan-gang-took-over-apartment#:~:text=It's%20also%20true%20Aurora%20police,apartment%20buildings%20in%20her%20city.\"><u>which residents and local officials dispute<\/u><\/a> \u2014 to target undocumented migrant gang members for arrest and deportation.<\/p>\n<aside id=\"ad-backstage-wrap\" class=\"ad-wrap backstage\" aria-label=\"advertisement\">\n<\/aside>\n<div id=\"resnx-s1-5156027-100\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \">\n<div class=\"bucket img\">\n                  <a class=\"imagewrap\" id=\"featuredStackSquareImagenx-s1-5147400\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/10\/11\/nx-s1-5147400\/donald-trump-aurora-colorado-rally\" data-metrics-ga4=\"{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;recirculation&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;story_recirculation_click&quot;,&quot;clickType&quot;:&quot;inset box&quot;,&quot;clickUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.npr.org\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/11\\\/nx-s1-5147400\\\/donald-trump-aurora-colorado-rally&quot;}\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3247x3247+809+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/15\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F57%2Fd0%2F771740254c22a800deea31d5811f%2Fap24285721915662.jpg\" data-original=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3247x3247+809+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F57%2Fd0%2F771740254c22a800deea31d5811f%2Fap24285721915662.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3247x3247+809+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F57%2Fd0%2F771740254c22a800deea31d5811f%2Fap24285721915662.jpg\" data-format=\"webp\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" type=\"image\/webp\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3247x3247+809+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/15\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F57%2Fd0%2F771740254c22a800deea31d5811f%2Fap24285721915662.jpg\" data-original=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3247x3247+809+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F57%2Fd0%2F771740254c22a800deea31d5811f%2Fap24285721915662.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3247x3247+809+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F57%2Fd0%2F771740254c22a800deea31d5811f%2Fap24285721915662.jpg\" data-format=\"jpeg\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3247x3247+809+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F57%2Fd0%2F771740254c22a800deea31d5811f%2Fap24285721915662.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3247x3247+809+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F57%2Fd0%2F771740254c22a800deea31d5811f%2Fap24285721915662.jpg\" data-format=\"jpeg\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" alt=\"Former President Donald Trump arrives for a campaign rally at the Gaylord Rockies Resort &amp; Convention Center in Aurora, Colo., on Friday. On stage, he was flanked by mugshots of undocumented migrants that officials have accused of crimes.\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/picture><\/a>         <\/p>\n<p><!-- END CLASS=\"BUCKETBLOCK\" -->\n      <\/div>\n<p><!-- END CLASS=\"BUCKET IMG\" -->\n   <\/div>\n<p><!-- END ID=\"RESNX-S1-5156027-100\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP INTERNALLINK INSETTWOCOLUMN INSET2COL \" --><\/p>\n<p>He has also suggested that the act could be used to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/11\/19\/502684089\/trump-vows-to-end-sanctuary-cities-but-no-one-can-agree-what-that-label-means\"><u>end sanctuary cities<\/u><\/a>, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/sanctuary-policies-overview\"><u>limit cooperation<\/u><\/a> with federal immigration authorities, telling <a href=\"https:\/\/therecount.com\/watch\/trump-vows-he-would-end\/2645896370\"><u>Fox News\u2019 Harris Faulkner<\/u><\/a> that \u201cwe can do things in terms of moving people out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Alien Enemies Act is featured in more than just Trump\u2019s stump speech.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also name-checked in the <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.npr.org\/documents\/document.html?id=24795052-2024-gop-platform-july-7-\"><u>Republican Party\u2019s official 2024 platform<\/u><\/a>, which says it will invoke the law to \u201cremove all known or suspected gang members, drug dealers, or cartel members from the United States, ending the scourge of Illegal Alien gang violence once and for all.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"resnx-s1-5156027-101\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \">\n<div class=\"bucket img\">\n                  <a class=\"imagewrap\" id=\"featuredStackSquareImagenx-s1-5037992\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/08\/14\/nx-s1-5037992\/trump-immigrants-border-mass-deportation-presidential-race-migrants\" data-metrics-ga4=\"{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;recirculation&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;story_recirculation_click&quot;,&quot;clickType&quot;:&quot;inset box&quot;,&quot;clickUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.npr.org\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/14\\\/nx-s1-5037992\\\/trump-immigrants-border-mass-deportation-presidential-race-migrants&quot;}\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/369x369+451+115\/resize\/100\/quality\/15\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2Fd4%2F26463bfc4daea0e452d5c1393bf8%2Fgettyimages-2162457989.jpg\" data-original=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/369x369+451+115\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2Fd4%2F26463bfc4daea0e452d5c1393bf8%2Fgettyimages-2162457989.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/369x369+451+115\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2Fd4%2F26463bfc4daea0e452d5c1393bf8%2Fgettyimages-2162457989.jpg\" data-format=\"webp\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" type=\"image\/webp\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/369x369+451+115\/resize\/100\/quality\/15\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2Fd4%2F26463bfc4daea0e452d5c1393bf8%2Fgettyimages-2162457989.jpg\" data-original=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/369x369+451+115\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2Fd4%2F26463bfc4daea0e452d5c1393bf8%2Fgettyimages-2162457989.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/369x369+451+115\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2Fd4%2F26463bfc4daea0e452d5c1393bf8%2Fgettyimages-2162457989.jpg\" data-format=\"jpeg\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/369x369+451+115\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2Fd4%2F26463bfc4daea0e452d5c1393bf8%2Fgettyimages-2162457989.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/369x369+451+115\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe3%2Fd4%2F26463bfc4daea0e452d5c1393bf8%2Fgettyimages-2162457989.jpg\" data-format=\"jpeg\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" alt=\"This photo shows a crowd of people at the Republican National Convention in July 2024. Many are holding up signs reading \" mass=\"\" deportation=\"\" now=\"\" and=\"\" america=\"\" strong=\"\" again=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/picture><\/a>         <\/p>\n<p><!-- END CLASS=\"BUCKETBLOCK\" -->\n      <\/div>\n<p><!-- END CLASS=\"BUCKET IMG\" -->\n   <\/div>\n<p><!-- END ID=\"RESNX-S1-5156027-101\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP INTERNALLINK INSETTWOCOLUMN INSET2COL \" --><\/p>\n<p>The act has gotten relatively little attention, let alone use, in the more than 200 years it\u2019s been on the books, as Trump acknowledged.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThose were the old days, when they had tough politicians,\u201d he told a crowd of supporters <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bd7QL3ZszkM\"><u>in Arizona<\/u><\/a>. \u201cThink of that, 1798. Oh, it\u2019s a powerful act. You couldn\u2019t pass something like that today.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So what exactly does the act do, and how likely is Trump to be able to use it as promised?<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"edTag\">What\u2019s the purpose of the Alien Enemies Act?<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/alien-and-sedition-acts\"><u>Alien Enemies Act<\/u><\/a> specifically allows the president to detain, relocate, or deport non-citizens from a country considered an enemy of the U.S. during wartime:<\/p>\n<aside id=\"ad-secondary-wrap\" class=\"ad-wrap secondary\" aria-label=\"advertisement\">\n<\/aside>\n<blockquote class=\"edTag\">\n<div>\n<p>\u201cWhenever there shall be a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government \u2026 and the President of the United States shall make public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being males of the age of fourteen years and upwards, who shall be within the United States, and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured and removed, as alien enemies.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Congress, with the support of President John Adams, passed the Alien Enemies Act as part of the four <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/alien-and-sedition-acts\"><u>Alien and Sedition Acts<\/u><\/a> of 1798 as the U.S. stood on the brink of war with France.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere was a lot of fear-mongering about French supporters in the United States and about conspiracies to basically get the United States in on France&#8217;s side,\u201d explains Georgetown University Law Center professor Steve Vladeck.<\/p>\n<p><!-- END ID=\"RESNX-S1-5156027-102\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP INTERNALLINK INSETTWOCOLUMN INSET2COL \" --><\/p>\n<p>The controversial group of laws severely curtailed civil liberties, including by tightening restrictions on foreign-born Americans and limiting speech critical of the government.<\/p>\n<p>After President Thomas Jefferson was elected in 1800, he either repealed or <a href=\"https:\/\/constitutioncenter.org\/the-constitution\/historic-document-library\/detail\/the-alien-and-sedition-acts-1798\"><u>allowed most of the acts to expire<\/u><\/a>, except for the Alien Enemies Act, which does not have an expiration date.<\/p>\n<p>It not only remained on the books but continued to expand in scope: Congress <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/early-us\/alien-and-sedition-acts\"><u>amended it in 1918<\/u><\/a> to include women.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"edTag\">When has the act been used before?<\/h3>\n<div id=\"resg-s1-28910\" class=\"bucketwrap image large\">\n<div class=\"imagewrap has-source-dimensions\" data-crop-type=\"\" style=\"&#10;        --source-width: 5495;&#10;        --source-height: 4364;&#10;    \">\n        <picture><source 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1600w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/1800\/quality\/85\/format\/webp\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg 1800w\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1300px) 763px, (min-width: 1025px) calc(100vw - 496px), (min-width: 768px) calc(100vw - 171px), calc(100vw - 30px)\" class=\"img\" type=\"image\/webp\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/400\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg 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900w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/1200\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg 1200w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/1600\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg 1600w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/1800\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg 1800w\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1300px) 763px, (min-width: 1025px) calc(100vw - 496px), (min-width: 768px) calc(100vw - 171px), calc(100vw - 30px)\" class=\"img\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/1100\/quality\/50\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/5495x4364+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fea%2F32%2Fdb167a834462a4b94e30e5b3f418%2Fgettyimages-1371454815.jpg\" class=\"img\" alt=\"This 1918 photograph shows \" enemy=\"\" aliens=\"\" being=\"\" corralled=\"\" by=\"\" secret=\"\" service=\"\" operatives=\"\" at=\"\" gloucester=\"\" n.j.=\"\" on=\"\" their=\"\" way=\"\" to=\"\" internment=\"\" in=\"\" the=\"\" south.=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n        <\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"credit-caption\">\n<div class=\"caption-wrap\">\n<div class=\"caption\" aria-label=\"Image caption\">\n<p>\n                This 1918 photograph shows &#8220;enemy aliens&#8221; being corralled by Secret Service operatives at Gloucester, N.J., on their way to internment in the South.<br \/>\n                <b class=\"credit\" aria-label=\"Image credit\"><\/p>\n<p>                    HUM Images\/Universal Images Group via Getty Images<\/p>\n<p>                <\/b><br \/>\n                <b class=\"hide-caption\"><b>hide caption<\/b><\/b>\n            <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>            <b class=\"toggle-caption\"><b>toggle caption<\/b><\/b>\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <span class=\"credit\" aria-label=\"Image credit\"><\/p>\n<p>        HUM Images\/Universal Images Group via Getty Images<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Alien Enemies Act has been used three times in American history, all in connection with major military conflicts.<\/p>\n<p>During the <a href=\"https:\/\/da.mdah.ms.gov\/series\/territorial\/s499\"><u>War of 1812<\/u><\/a>, all British nationals living in the U.S. were required to report information including their age, length of time in the country, place of residence, family description and whether they had applied for naturalization.<\/p>\n<p>A century later, during World War I, President Woodrow Wilson invoked it against nationals of the Central Powers: the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.<\/p>\n<p><!-- END ID=\"RESNX-S1-5156027-103\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP INTERNALLINK INSETTWOCOLUMN INSET2COL \" --><\/p>\n<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/twelvekey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/ngsmagazine2017-04.pdf\"><u>National Archives<\/u><\/a>, U.S. authorities used the law to place over 6,000 \u201cenemy aliens\u201d \u2014 many of them Germans \u2014 in internment camps, with some remaining in detention up to two years after fighting had ended.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usmarshals.gov\/who-we-are\/history\/historical-reading-room\/us-marshals-during-world-war-i\"><u>U.S. Marshals Service<\/u><\/a> says it registered 480,000 German \u201cenemy aliens\u201d and arrested 6,300 between the declaration of war in April 1917 and the armistice in November 1918.<\/p>\n<p>Most recently, President Franklin Roosevelt <a href=\"https:\/\/gaic.info\/history\/related-laws\/\"><u>invoked the act<\/u><\/a> after the attack on Pearl Harbor, designating Japanese, German and Italian nationals as \u201calien enemies\u201d during World War II.<\/p>\n<div id=\"resnx-s1-5156027-104\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \">\n<div class=\"bucket img\">\n                  <a class=\"imagewrap\" id=\"featuredStackSquareImage1149347438\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/01\/15\/1149347438\/japanese-internment-ireicho-camps-world-war-ii\" data-metrics-ga4=\"{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;recirculation&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;story_recirculation_click&quot;,&quot;clickType&quot;:&quot;inset box&quot;,&quot;clickUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.npr.org\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/15\\\/1149347438\\\/japanese-internment-ireicho-camps-world-war-ii&quot;}\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/media.npr.org\/assets\/img\/2023\/01\/23\/frances-and-ford---irecho-1_sq-3c065280af0321e15b8ea24204cb84a54ca8d459.jpg?s=100&amp;c=15&amp;f=jpeg\" data-original=\"https:\/\/media.npr.org\/assets\/img\/2023\/01\/23\/frances-and-ford---irecho-1_sq-3c065280af0321e15b8ea24204cb84a54ca8d459.jpg?s=100&amp;c=100&amp;f=jpeg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/media.npr.org\/assets\/img\/2023\/01\/23\/frances-and-ford---irecho-1_sq-3c065280af0321e15b8ea24204cb84a54ca8d459.jpg?s={width}&amp;c={quality}&amp;f={format}\" data-format=\"webp\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" type=\"image\/webp\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/media.npr.org\/assets\/img\/2023\/01\/23\/frances-and-ford---irecho-1_sq-3c065280af0321e15b8ea24204cb84a54ca8d459.jpg?s=100&amp;c=15&amp;f=jpeg\" data-original=\"https:\/\/media.npr.org\/assets\/img\/2023\/01\/23\/frances-and-ford---irecho-1_sq-3c065280af0321e15b8ea24204cb84a54ca8d459.jpg?s=100&amp;c=100&amp;f=jpeg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/media.npr.org\/assets\/img\/2023\/01\/23\/frances-and-ford---irecho-1_sq-3c065280af0321e15b8ea24204cb84a54ca8d459.jpg?s={width}&amp;c={quality}&amp;f={format}\" data-format=\"jpeg\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.npr.org\/assets\/img\/2023\/01\/23\/frances-and-ford---irecho-1_sq-3c065280af0321e15b8ea24204cb84a54ca8d459.jpg?s=100&amp;c=100&amp;f=jpeg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/media.npr.org\/assets\/img\/2023\/01\/23\/frances-and-ford---irecho-1_sq-3c065280af0321e15b8ea24204cb84a54ca8d459.jpg?s={width}&amp;c={quality}&amp;f={format}\" data-format=\"jpeg\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" alt=\"A project collects the names of those held at Japanese internment camps during WWII\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/picture><\/a>         <\/p>\n<p><!-- END CLASS=\"BUCKETBLOCK\" -->\n      <\/div>\n<p><!-- END CLASS=\"BUCKET IMG\" -->\n   <\/div>\n<p><!-- END ID=\"RESNX-S1-5156027-104\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP INTERNALLINK INSETTWOCOLUMN INSET2COL \" --><\/p>\n<p>Roosevelt&#8217;s proclamation required residents from all three countries to register with the U.S. government and authorized the internment of any alien enemy \u201cdeemed potentially dangerous to the peace and security of the US.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>By the end of WWII, over 31,000 suspected enemy aliens and their families \u2014 including Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany \u2014 had been interned at camps and military facilities across the U.S., according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/research\/immigration\/enemy-aliens\/ww2#:~:text=By%20the%20end%20of%20the,facilities%20throughout%20the%20United%20States.\"><u>National Archives<\/u><\/a>. Several thousand of them were ultimately repatriated to their country of origin, either by choice or by force.<\/p>\n<aside id=\"ad-third-wrap\" class=\"ad-wrap third\" aria-label=\"advertisement\">\n<\/aside>\n<p>Vladeck says the Alien Enemies Act was used to detain mostly Italian and German nationals. The bulk of the more than 100,000 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.gov\/education\/presidential-inquiries\/japanese-american-internment\"><u>Japanese Americans who were placed in internment camps<\/u><\/a> during the war were U.S. citizens, detained under different legal grounds.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"edTag\">How strong is Trump\u2019s case?<\/h3>\n<p>The act hasn\u2019t been invoked since WWII, which Vladeck says is largely because the nature of war has changed over the last eight decades.<\/p>\n<p>The fine print of the act says the president can only take on this authority once Congress has declared war, and \u2014 while the U.S. has been involved in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/01\/12\/795661019\/how-presidents-wage-war-without-congress\">plenty of conflicts<\/a> over the decades \u2014 it hasn\u2019t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.everycrsreport.com\/reports\/RL31133.html#:~:text=In%20every%20instance%20the%20measures,Rumania%20during%20World%20War%20II.\"><u>done so formally since 1942<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt hasn&#8217;t been a source of contemporary controversy because we haven&#8217;t had a declared war,\u201d he explains. \u201cAnd no one has tried to argue that that invasion or predatory incursion language could be used in any context other than a conventional war.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- END ID=\"RESNX-S1-5156027-105\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP INTERNALLINK INSETTWOCOLUMN INSET2COL \" --><\/p>\n<p>Until Trump, that is. The former president \u2014 who has a long history of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/11\/17\/1213746885\/trump-vermin-hitler-immigration-authoritarian-republican-primary\"><u>using dehumanizing language<\/u><\/a> against minority groups and political opponents \u2014 has repeatedly referred to the influx of migrants to the U.S. as an \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/10\/11\/nx-s1-5149026\/trump-to-hold-rally-in-colorado-city-that-he-says-was-overrun-by-migrant-gangs\"><u>invasion<\/u><\/a>\u201d and vowed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/08\/14\/nx-s1-5037992\/trump-immigrants-border-mass-deportation-presidential-race-migrants\"><u>mass deportations<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But he hasn\u2019t blamed a specific country or conflict that would fall within the scope of the 1798 act, Vladeck says, which is one of the reasons he doesn\u2019t think Trump\u2019s argument will succeed.<\/p>\n<p>Even some anti-immigration advocates in favor of deploying the act acknowledge those key legal challenges.<\/p>\n<p>Defining illegal immigration as an invasion and migrant gangs as foreign nations would be an \u201cuphill climb in federal court,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/cis.org\/Report\/225yearold-Alien-Enemies-Act-Needs-Come-Out-Retirement\"><u>George Fishman<\/u><\/a>, former deputy general counsel at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Trump, wrote last year.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"edTag\">What are some possible outcomes?<\/h3>\n<p>Trump doesn\u2019t need the Alien Enemies Act to go after undocumented immigrants, Vladeck says, noting that presidents already have the authority to arrest, detain and remove them.<\/p>\n<aside id=\"ad-overflow-3-wrap\" class=\"ad-wrap overflow\" aria-label=\"advertisement\">\n<\/aside>\n<p>\u201cThe issue that has hamstrung each of the last four presidents, of both parties, has not been legal authority \u2014 it\u2019s a lack of resources,\u201d he says. \u201cThe federal government doesn\u2019t have the capacity to identify, track down, round up and remove every single one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2024\/07\/22\/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us\/\"><u>11 million-plus<\/u><\/a> undocumented immigrants in this country.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>One of the primary obstacles is a lack of funding for immigration enforcement, something that lawmakers sought to address in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/02\/04\/1226427234\/senate-border-deal-reached\">bipartisan border security bill<\/a> earlier this year. It would have put $20 billion toward border provisions and implemented several policy changes to adjust and expedite the asylum process.<\/p>\n<p>Senate Republicans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/02\/07\/1229785349\/border-deal-ukraine-aid-senate\">blocked the bill<\/a> after pressure from Trump, which Democratic critics say he did so that<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>he could <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/02\/06\/1229405624\/senate-bill-border-security-foreign-aid-republican-opposition\">campaign in part on fixing the chaos<\/a> at the border.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe irony that Trump is now trotting out this old, anachronistic statute to solve a problem that he could have solved much more directly and much less controversially, I think it ought not to be lost on the folks who are learning about these authorities for the first time,\u201d Vladeck says.<\/p>\n<div id=\"resg-s1-28912\" class=\"bucketwrap image small\">\n<div class=\"imagewrap has-source-dimensions\" data-crop-type=\"\" style=\"&#10;        --source-width: 2097;&#10;        --source-height: 3438;&#10;    \">\n        <picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/200\/quality\/85\/format\/webp\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 200w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/300\/quality\/85\/format\/webp\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 300w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/400\/quality\/85\/format\/webp\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 400w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/600\/quality\/85\/format\/webp\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 600w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/800\/quality\/85\/format\/webp\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 800w\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1300px) 168px, (min-width: 1025px) 168px, (min-width: 768px) 252px, calc(100vw - 30px)\" class=\"img\" type=\"image\/webp\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/200\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 200w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/300\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 300w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/400\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 400w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/600\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 600w,&#10;https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/800\/quality\/85\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg 800w\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1300px) 168px, (min-width: 1025px) 168px, (min-width: 768px) 252px, calc(100vw - 30px)\" class=\"img\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/1100\/quality\/50\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/2097x3438+0+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fb5%2F68%2F8081d5f74e229b787aa22186f744%2Fgettyimages-515219312.jpg\" class=\"img\" alt=\"A 1942 poster notifies U.S. residents of Japanese, German and Italian nationality to apply at their nearest post office for a certificate of registration.\" loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n        <\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"credit-caption\">\n<div class=\"caption-wrap\">\n<div class=\"caption\" aria-label=\"Image caption\">\n<p>\n                A 1942 poster notifies U.S. residents of Japanese, German and Italian nationality to apply at their nearest post office for a certificate of registration.<br \/>\n                <b class=\"credit\" aria-label=\"Image credit\"><\/p>\n<p>                    Getty Images<\/p>\n<p>                <\/b><br \/>\n                <b class=\"hide-caption\"><b>hide caption<\/b><\/b>\n            <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>            <b class=\"toggle-caption\"><b>toggle caption<\/b><\/b>\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <span class=\"credit\" aria-label=\"Image credit\"><\/p>\n<p>        Getty Images<\/p>\n<p>    <\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>If Trump were reelected and proceeded to invoke these powers \u2014 which he could do unilaterally, unless a majority of the House and Senate were to block him \u2014 Vladeck thinks he would be challenged in court immediately and have a tough time defending his case.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe sort of the notion that the courts would look kindly upon using this kind of authority where, one, he doesn&#8217;t need it, and two, it would really be a stretch in what is already a pretty controversial legal power, I think is pretty far-fetched,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Katherine Yon Ebright, counsel with the Brennan Center\u2019s Liberty and National Security Program, says it\u2019s unclear whether courts would intervene to stop the Alien Enemies Act from being used in peacetime.<\/p>\n<aside id=\"ad-overflow-4-wrap\" class=\"ad-wrap overflow\" aria-label=\"advertisement\">\n<\/aside>\n<p>\u201cThe last time the Alien Enemies Act was challenged, in <em>Ludecke v. Watkins<\/em> in 1948, the Supreme Court upheld President Harry S. Truman\u2019s extended reliance on the law three years after the end of World War II,\u201d she <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/policy-solutions\/alien-enemies-act\"><u>wrote in a legal analysis<\/u><\/a>. \u201cThe Court reasoned that the question of when a war terminates and wartime authorities expire is too \u2018political\u2019 for judicial resolution.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, she says, a lot has changed since then, including contemporary understandings of equal protection and due process.<\/p>\n<div id=\"resnx-s1-5156027-106\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \">\n<div class=\"bucket img\">\n                  <a class=\"imagewrap\" id=\"featuredStackSquareImagenx-s1-5147789\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/10\/12\/nx-s1-5147789\/voting-election-2024-noncitizen-fact-check-trump\" data-metrics-ga4=\"{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;recirculation&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;story_recirculation_click&quot;,&quot;clickType&quot;:&quot;inset box&quot;,&quot;clickUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.npr.org\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/12\\\/nx-s1-5147789\\\/voting-election-2024-noncitizen-fact-check-trump&quot;}\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3000x3000+750+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/15\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fa1%2Fb069915c4929b54068d2fc65672b%2Fgettyimages-2175877578.jpg\" data-original=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3000x3000+750+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fa1%2Fb069915c4929b54068d2fc65672b%2Fgettyimages-2175877578.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3000x3000+750+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fa1%2Fb069915c4929b54068d2fc65672b%2Fgettyimages-2175877578.jpg\" data-format=\"webp\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" type=\"image\/webp\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3000x3000+750+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/15\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fa1%2Fb069915c4929b54068d2fc65672b%2Fgettyimages-2175877578.jpg\" data-original=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3000x3000+750+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fa1%2Fb069915c4929b54068d2fc65672b%2Fgettyimages-2175877578.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3000x3000+750+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fa1%2Fb069915c4929b54068d2fc65672b%2Fgettyimages-2175877578.jpg\" data-format=\"jpeg\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3000x3000+750+0\/resize\/100\/quality\/100\/format\/jpeg\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fa1%2Fb069915c4929b54068d2fc65672b%2Fgettyimages-2175877578.jpg\" data-template=\"https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/dims3\/default\/strip\/false\/crop\/3000x3000+750+0\/resize\/{width}\/quality\/{quality}\/format\/{format}\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F4a%2Fa1%2Fb069915c4929b54068d2fc65672b%2Fgettyimages-2175877578.jpg\" data-format=\"jpeg\" class=\"img lazyOnLoad\" alt=\"Voters fill out their ballots on the second day of early voting in the 2024 presidential election at the Board of Elections Loop Super Site in Chicago, Illinois, on Oct. 4, 2024.\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/picture><\/a>         <\/p>\n<p><!-- END CLASS=\"BUCKETBLOCK\" -->\n      <\/div>\n<p><!-- END CLASS=\"BUCKET IMG\" -->\n   <\/div>\n<p><!-- END ID=\"RESNX-S1-5156027-106\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP INTERNALLINK INSETTWOCOLUMN INSET2COL \" --><\/p>\n<p>Courts and the public have rejected the 1944 <em>Korematsu <\/em>case that upheld Japanese internment. Congress <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalww2museum.org\/war\/articles\/redress-and-reparations-japanese-american-incarceration\"><u>provided reparations<\/u><\/a> to surviving Japanese Americans and formally apologized for the use of the Alien Enemies Act during WWII. If a president invokes the act again, she says, courts might look at those legal challenges differently \u2014 \u201con the merits instead of categorically deferring to the president.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But the surest way to prevent the act from being abused, Yon Ebright writes, would be for Congress to proactively repeal it.<\/p>\n<p>Some Democratic lawmakers \u2014 Rep. <a href=\"https:\/\/omar.house.gov\/media\/press-releases\/rep-ilhan-omar-introduces-neighbors-not-enemies-act\"><u>Ilhan Omar<\/u><\/a> of Minnesota and Sen. Mazie Hirono of Hawaii \u2014 have tried in recent years by introducing the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hirono.senate.gov\/news\/press-releases\/hirono-re-introduces-neighbors-not-enemies-act-to-repeal-18th-century-xenophobic-law\"><u>Neighbors Not Enemies<\/u><\/a>\u201d Act, which would repeal the Alien Enemies Act, but hasn\u2019t gained traction.<\/p>\n<p>Omar has resurfaced her calls for action in light of Trump\u2019s recent comments, <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Ilhan\/status\/1847022547700748532\"><u>writing on X<\/u><\/a> that \u201cit\u2019s past time we put this xenophobic law in the dustbin of history where it belongs.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/10\/19\/nx-s1-5156027\/alien-enemies-act-1798-trump-immigration\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump salutes in Aurora, Colo., on Oct. 11. At that rally and others, he spoke of using a centuries-old act to expedite deportation of certain undocumented &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=116063\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8629],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-116063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-u-s","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=116063"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116063\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=116063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=116063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=116063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}