{"id":118985,"date":"2024-10-27T15:14:54","date_gmt":"2024-10-27T08:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=118985"},"modified":"2024-10-27T15:14:54","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T08:14:54","slug":"new-ai-breakthrough-can-finally-detect-parasitic-worm-infections-sciencealert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=118985","title":{"rendered":"New AI Breakthrough Can Finally Detect Parasitic Worm Infections : ScienceAlert"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Blood samples of patients infected with a parasitic worm that causes schistosomiasis contain hidden information that marks different stages of the disease.<\/p>\n<p>In our <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk7832\">recently published research<\/a>, our team used  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/artificial-intelligence\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73092\" data-postid=\"141477\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">machine learning<\/a> to uncover that hidden information and improve early detection and diagnosis of infection.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>The parasite that causes schistosomiasis completes its life cycle in two hosts \u2013 first in snails and then in mammals such as people, dogs and mice. Freshwater worm eggs enter human hosts through the skin and circulate throughout the body, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK487776\/\">damaging multiple organs<\/a>, including the liver, intestine, bladder and urethra.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>When these larvae reach blood vessels connecting the intestines to the liver, they mature into adult worms. They then release eggs that are excreted when the infected person defecates, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.curtheres.2019.06.001\">continuing the transmission cycle<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_141488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-141488\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/10\/LifeCycleOfParasiticVampireWorm-e1729742074584.jpg\" alt=\"Life cycle of a parasitic vampire worm through multiple host species\" width=\"700\" height=\"522\" class=\"wp-image-141488 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/10\/LifeCycleOfParasiticVampireWorm-e1729742074584.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/10\/LifeCycleOfParasiticVampireWorm-e1729742074584-642x479.jpg 642w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/10\/LifeCycleOfParasiticVampireWorm-e1729742074584-557x415.jpg 557w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/10\/LifeCycleOfParasiticVampireWorm-e1729742074584-600x447.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-141488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Schistosomiasis isn&#8217;t usually diagnosed until the late stages of the disease. (DPDx\/CDC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Since diagnosis currently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK487776\/\">relies on detecting eggs in feces<\/a>, doctors usually miss the early stages of infection. By the time eggs are detected, patients have already reached an advanced stage of the disease.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Because diagnosis rates are poor, public health officials typically <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04409-3\">mass-administer the drug praziquantel<\/a> to populations in affected regions. However, praziquantel cannot clear juvenile worms in early stages of infection, nor can it prevent reinfection.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Our study provides a clear path forward to improving early detection and diagnosis by <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk7832\">identifying the hidden information in blood<\/a> that signals active, early stage infection.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Your body responds to a schistosomiasis infection by mounting an immune response involving several types of immune cells, as well as  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/antibody\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73081\" data-postid=\"141477\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">antibodies<\/a> specifically targeting molecules secreted by or present on the worm and eggs.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Our study introduces two ways to screen for certain characteristics of antibodies that signal early infection.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>The first is an assay that captures a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk7832\">quantitative and qualitative profile of immune response<\/a>, including various classes of antibodies and characteristics that dictate how they communicate with other immune cells. This allowed us to identify specific facets of the immune response that distinguish uninfected patients from patients with early and late-stage disease.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Second, we developed a new <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk7832\">machine learning approach that analyzes antibodies<\/a> to identify latent characteristics of the immune response linked to disease stage and severity.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>We trained the model on immune profile data from infected and uninfected patients and tested the model on data that wasn&#8217;t used for training and data from a different geographical location. We identified not only biomarkers for the disease but also the potential mechanism that underlies infection.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_141489\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-141489\" style=\"width: 642px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/10\/ParasiticVampireWorkEggsInBladderTissue-e1729742241173.jpg\" alt=\"AI Could Help Diagnose Schistosomiasis Before The Vampire Worms Hatch in Your Blood\" width=\"642\" height=\"426\" class=\"wp-image-141489 size-full\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-141489\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clusters of Schistosoma haematobium eggs surrounded by immune cells in bladder tissue. (Edwin P. Ewing\/CDC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Why it matters<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.curtheres.2019.06.001\">Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease<\/a> that affects over 200 million people worldwide, causing 280,000 deaths annually. Early diagnosis can improve treatment effectiveness and prevent severe disease.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>In addition, unlike many machine learning methods that are <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-is-a-black-box-a-computer-scientist-explains-what-it-means-when-the-inner-workings-of-ais-are-hidden-203888\">black boxes<\/a>, our approach is also <a href=\"https:\/\/insights.sei.cmu.edu\/blog\/what-is-explainable-ai\/\">interpretable<\/a>. This means it can provide insights into why and how the disease develops beyond simply identifying markers of disease, guiding future strategies for early diagnosis and treatment.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<h2>What still isn&#8217;t known<\/h2>\n<p>The schistosomiasis infection signatures we identified remain stable across two geographical regions across two continents. Future research could explore how well these biomarkers apply to additional populations.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Further, our work identifies a potential mechanism behind disease progression. We found that a particular immune response against a specific protein on the surface of the worm signals an intermediate stage of infection.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Understanding how the immune system responds to this understudied antigen could improve diagnosis and treatment.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<h2>What&#8217;s next<\/h2>\n<p>Besides improving our understanding of how the immune system responds to different stages of infection, our findings identify key antigens that could pave the way for designing cost-effective and efficient approaches to diagnosis and treatments.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Our next steps will include actually deploying these strategies in the field for early detection and management of disease.<\/p>\n<p><em>The <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/topics\/research-brief-83231\">Research Brief<\/a> is a short take about interesting academic work.<\/em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/239466\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines -->\n<\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/trirupa-chakraborty-2215166\"><em>Trirupa Chakraborty<\/em><\/a><em>, Ph.D. Candidate in Integrative Systems Biology, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-pittsburgh-854\">University of Pittsburgh<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/aniruddh-sarkar-2215165\">Aniruddh Sarkar<\/a>, Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/georgia-institute-of-technology-1310\">Georgia Institute of Technology<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jishnu-das-2215167\">Jishnu Das<\/a>, Assistant Professor of Immunology and Computational &amp; Systems Biology, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-pittsburgh-854\">University of Pittsburgh<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/tracking-vampire-worms-with-machine-learning-using-ai-to-diagnose-schistosomiasis-before-the-parasites-causing-it-hatch-in-your-blood-239466\">original article<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/new-ai-breakthrough-can-finally-detect-parasitic-worm-infections\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blood samples of patients infected with a parasitic worm that causes schistosomiasis contain hidden information that marks different stages of the disease. In our recently published research, our team used &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=118985\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=118985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118985\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=118985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=118985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=118985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}