{"id":119306,"date":"2024-10-28T12:14:45","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T05:14:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=119306"},"modified":"2024-10-28T12:14:45","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T05:14:45","slug":"ancient-meteorite-was-a-fertilizer-bomb-for-life-on-earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=119306","title":{"rendered":"Ancient Meteorite Was a &#8216;Fertilizer Bomb&#8217; for Life on Earth"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The space rock that hit Earth 66 million years ago and caused the deaths of many life forms \u2013 including dinosaurs &#8211; was not the largest object to ever strike our planet.<\/p>\n<p>One<strong> meteorite<\/strong> up to 200 times bigger hit the planet 3.26 billion years ago, causing worldwide destruction. But, as new research shows, that event may have been helpful for the early development of life.<\/p>\n<p>The meteorite may have served as &#8220;a<strong> giant<\/strong> fertilizer bomb.&#8221; In other words, it may have supplied the key nutrients phosphorus and iron for the bacteria and other organisms that existed at the time.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers studied the effects of this meteorite strike using evidence from ancient rocks in an area in northeastern South Africa. The area is called the Barberton Greenstone Belt.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers found many signs that life quickly came back after the strike.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Life not only recovered quickly once conditions returned to normal within a few years to <strong>decades<\/strong>, it actually <strong>thrived<\/strong>,&#8221; said Nadja Drabon of Harvard University.<\/p>\n<p>Drabon was the lead writer of the study that appeared recently in the scientific publication <a class=\"wsw__a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2408721121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"wsw__embed\">\n<figure class=\"media-image js-media-expand\">\n<div class=\"img-wrap\">\n<div class=\"thumb\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The landscape pictured during geological fieldwork in a region called the Barberton Greenstone Belt in northeastern South Africa, in this undated handout photograph obtained by Reuters. (Nadja Drabon\/Handout via REUTERS)\" src=\"https:\/\/gdb.voanews.com\/496430e7-3b9c-4c21-aeae-186757f8565e_w250_r0_s.jpg\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"ico ico-fullscreen ico--media-expand ico--rounded\"\/>\n<\/div><figcaption>\n<span class=\"caption\">The landscape pictured during geological fieldwork in a region called the Barberton Greenstone Belt in northeastern South Africa, in this undated handout photograph obtained by Reuters. (Nadja Drabon\/Handout via REUTERS)<\/span><br \/>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Earth was a much different place when the meteorite strike took place.<\/p>\n<p>At the time, during the Paleoarchean Era, meteorite strikes were larger and more common.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;At this time, Earth was something of a water world&#8230; There was essentially no oxygen gas in the atmosphere and oceans, and no cells with nuclei,&#8221; said study co-writer Andrew Knoll.<\/p>\n<p>The meteorite was rich in carbon and also contained phosphorus. Its diameter was around 37-58 kilometers, Drabon said, meaning its mass was 50 to 200 times the mass of the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs.<\/p>\n<p>The effects of the hit, or impact, would have been quick and serious, Drabon suggested.<\/p>\n<p>The impact force would have caused a dust storm that circled the world and turned the sky black within hours, she explained. It also would have likely had a big effect on the ocean and created a lot of heat, possibly boiling the upper part of the oceans.<\/p>\n<p>Drabon said it probably would have taken years for the dust to settle and for the atmosphere to cool enough for the water <strong>vapor<\/strong> to return to the ocean.<\/p>\n<p>But the meteorite would have contained a large amount of phosphorous. It is an important nutrient for molecules central to storing and sharing genetic information.<\/p>\n<p>Powerful ocean waves also would have mixed iron-rich deep waters into shallower waters, creating a good environment for many kinds of microbes. Iron provides microbes with an energy source.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Imagine these impacts to be giant fertilizer bombs,&#8221; Drabon said.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We think of meteorite impacts as being disastrous,&#8221; Drabon said. &#8220;But 3.2 billion years ago, life was a lot simpler.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Microorganisms are relatively simple, <strong>versatile<\/strong>, and they reproduce at fast rates,&#8221; Drabon added.<\/p>\n<p>The evidence of the hit included chemical signatures of the meteorite, small circular structures formed from rock melted by the impact, and pieces of seabed mixed with other debris in sedimentary rock.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Early life was <strong>resilient <\/strong>in the face of a giant impact,&#8221; Drabon said.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m John Russell.<\/p>\n<p><em>Will Dunham reported on this story for Reuters. John Russell adapted it for VOA Learning English. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>_________________________________________________<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wsw__h2\">Words in This Story<\/h2>\n<p><strong>meteorite <\/strong>\u2013<em> n.<\/em> a meteor that reaches the surface of the earth without being completely destroyed<\/p>\n<p><strong>giant<\/strong> <em>\u2013 adj.<\/em> unusually large and\/or powerful<\/p>\n<p><strong>decade<\/strong> <em>\u2013 n.<\/em> a period of ten years<\/p>\n<p><strong>thrive<\/strong> <em>\u2013 v.<\/em> to flourish, to grow vigorously<\/p>\n<p><strong>vapor<\/strong> <em>\u2013 n.<\/em> a substance in the gaseous state as distinguished from the liquid or solid state<\/p>\n<p><strong>versatile<\/strong> <em>\u2013 adj.<\/em> easily changing, having many uses<\/p>\n<p><strong>resilient<\/strong> <em>\u2013 adj.<\/em> adjusting easily to change or misfortune<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/learningenglish.voanews.com\/a\/ancient-meteorite-was-a-fertilizer-bomb-for-life-on-earth-\/7835669.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The space rock that hit Earth 66 million years ago and caused the deaths of many life forms \u2013 including dinosaurs &#8211; was not the largest object to ever strike &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=119306\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=119306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119306\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=119306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=119306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=119306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}