{"id":120864,"date":"2024-11-01T14:51:47","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T07:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=120864"},"modified":"2024-11-01T14:51:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T07:51:47","slug":"chemists-break-rule-and-overturn-one-hundred-years-of-conventional-wisdom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=120864","title":{"rendered":"Chemists Break Rule and Overturn &#8216;One Hundred Years of Conventional Wisdom&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Scientific textbooks are going to need a rewrite after U.S. researchers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/topic\/chemistry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"multivariate\">broke a fundamental rule of chemistry<\/a>, tearing up &#8220;one hundred years of conventional wisdom.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The team from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/topic\/ucla\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"multivariate\">University of California, Los Angeles<\/a>, showed how it is actually possible to create compounds with a special structure and pattern of molecular bonds that was long deemed impossible.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;There&#8217;s a big push in the pharmaceutical industry to develop chemical reactions that give three-dimensional structures like ours,&#8221; said paper author and chemist professor Neil Garg in a statement.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;They can be used to discover new medicines,&#8221; he added.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"imageBox\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"innerBox ar23-innerBox\" style=\"height:0;padding-bottom:66.6667%\">\n<picture class=\"mapping-embed\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.webp?w=790&amp;f=cdac3abb5847cfa9f611f4e7a481fc11 1x\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.jpg?w=790&amp;f=cdac3abb5847cfa9f611f4e7a481fc11 1x\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.webp?w=900&amp;f=a4bb4182c68713340fd6e65afb617d71 1x\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.jpg?w=900&amp;f=a4bb4182c68713340fd6e65afb617d71 1x\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 481px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.webp?w=790&amp;f=cdac3abb5847cfa9f611f4e7a481fc11 1x\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 481px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.jpg?w=790&amp;f=cdac3abb5847cfa9f611f4e7a481fc11 1x\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.webp?w=450&amp;f=98bb26e19ac37d657765381982cc3101 1x\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.jpg?w=450&amp;f=98bb26e19ac37d657765381982cc3101 1x\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.webp?w=1200&amp;f=e53f6dfdd64350c55a94fbf827aaa88c\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"mapping-embed imgPhoto\" id=\"i2509215\" src=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509215\/example-anti-bredt-olefin.jpg?w=1200&amp;f=e53f6dfdd64350c55a94fbf827aaa88c\" alt=\"An example of an anti-Bredt olefin\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"caption ar23-caption\">\n<span class=\"cap\" id=\"short-cap-description\">An example of an anti-Bredt olefin. Such molecules were thought for 100 years to be impossible to synthesize.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"cap\" id=\"full-cap-description\" style=\"display: none;\">An example of an anti-Bredt olefin. Such molecules were thought for 100 years to be impossible to synthesize.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"credit ar23-credit\">Neil Garg<\/span><br \/>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The victim of the groundbreaking discovery is &#8220;Bredt&#8217;s rule,&#8221; which was first proposed in 1902 by the German chemist Julius Bredt, and then codified in 1924.<\/p>\n<p>It concerns small organic (that is, carbon-based) molecules made up atoms structured into a pair of joined, or &#8220;bicylcic&#8221; rings\u2014with each ring sharing three atoms.<\/p>\n<p>According to Bredt, it is impossible for these molecules to have a carbon\u2013carbon double bond on either of the &#8220;bridgehead&#8221; atoms where the two ring structures meet.<\/p>\n<p>Molecules with carbon\u2013carbon double bonds are known as &#8220;olefins.&#8221; Typically, the carbon atoms in these bonds, and the atoms attached to them, lie in the same geometric plane.<\/p>\n<p>This is because the bonds require the carbon atoms to share electrons. In small bicyclic rings, the &#8220;orbitals&#8221; of the bridgehead atoms\u2014the space around them in which electrons are likely to be found\u2014don&#8217;t easily overlap.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"imageBox\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"innerBox ar23-innerBox\" style=\"height:0;padding-bottom:66.6667%\">\n<picture class=\"mapping-embed\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.webp?w=790&amp;f=a7a438a27abe13a517ff5ec2381456a4 1x\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.jpg?w=790&amp;f=a7a438a27abe13a517ff5ec2381456a4 1x\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.webp?w=900&amp;f=aa6c79680f9e17ebc8a6e4fcd68f015e 1x\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.jpg?w=900&amp;f=aa6c79680f9e17ebc8a6e4fcd68f015e 1x\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 481px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.webp?w=790&amp;f=a7a438a27abe13a517ff5ec2381456a4 1x\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 481px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.jpg?w=790&amp;f=a7a438a27abe13a517ff5ec2381456a4 1x\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.webp?w=450&amp;f=77e6d21d5bcac4fdf045b28e39463b93 1x\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.jpg?w=450&amp;f=77e6d21d5bcac4fdf045b28e39463b93 1x\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.webp?w=1200&amp;f=4f5247a8672efede8f8dde6f5e8f502a\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"mapping-embed imgPhoto\" id=\"i2509239\" src=\"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/2509239\/bredts-rule-iilustrated.jpg?w=1200&amp;f=4f5247a8672efede8f8dde6f5e8f502a\" alt=\"Bredt's Rule iIlustrated\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"caption ar23-caption\">\n<span class=\"cap\" id=\"short-cap-description\">German organic chemist Julies Bredt argued in 1924 that a carbon double bond (the double line in the left image) could not occur as the branching positions of a small bicyclic molecule\u2014one with a structure&#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"cap\" id=\"full-cap-description\" style=\"display: none;\">German organic chemist Julies Bredt argued in 1924 that a carbon double bond (the double line in the left image) could not occur as the branching positions of a small bicyclic molecule\u2014one with a structure like two joined rings. (Note: &#8220;Gibt Nicht&#8221; translates from German as &#8220;does not exist&#8221;)<\/span><br \/>\n<button onclick=\"toggleCap(this)\" id=\"read-more-cap\">More<\/button><br \/>\n<span class=\"credit ar23-credit\">McDermott et al. \/ Science<\/span><br \/>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Only when the rings are large enough (eight atoms or more) can double bonds form off the bridgehead atoms without significant geometric strain, supposedly making them too unstable to prepare.<\/p>\n<p>In their study, however, the researchers show that it is possible to create several kinds of molecules dubbed &#8220;anti-Bredt olefins&#8221; that deviate from the conventional geometry of olefins taught in textbooks.<\/p>\n<p>Their process involved taking molecules called silyl (pseudo) halides and treating them with a source of fluoride, removing elements from the former leave an anti-Bredt olefin behind.<\/p>\n<p>To overcome the inherent instability of the anti-Bredt olefins, they added a third chemical to trap them, allowing them to be used in other reactions\u2014such as, for example, those involved in drug-making research.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"block block-ibtg-article fA\" data-gtm-category=\"Related In-Text A\" data-gtm-action=\"Click\">\n<\/figure>\n<p>&#8220;What this study shows is that, contrary to one hundred years of conventional wisdom, chemists can make and use anti-Bredt olefins to make value-added products,&#8221; said Garg.<\/p>\n<p>He added: &#8220;People aren&#8217;t exploring anti-Bredt olefins because they think they can&#8217;t.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We shouldn&#8217;t have rules like this\u2014or if we have them, they should only exist with the constant reminder that they&#8217;re guidelines, not rules.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>He added: &#8220;It destroys creativity when we have rules that supposedly can&#8217;t be overcome.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Do you have a tip on a science story that <em>Newsweek<\/em> should be covering? Do you have a question about chemistry? Let us know via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/mailto:science@newsweek.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"multivariate\">science@newsweek.com<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Reference<\/h3>\n<p>McDermott, L., Walters, Z. G., French, S. A., Clark, A. M., Ding, J. Kelleghan, A. V., Houk, K. N., &amp; Garg, N. K. (2024.) A solution to the anti-Bredt olefin synthesis problem. <em>Science<\/em>, <em>386<\/em>(6721). <a rel=\"noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adq3519\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"multivariate\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adq3519<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/chemistry-bredts-rule-olefins-alkenes-carbon-bonds-bridgehead-1978146\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientific textbooks are going to need a rewrite after U.S. researchers broke a fundamental rule of chemistry, tearing up &#8220;one hundred years of conventional wisdom.&#8221; The team from the University &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=120864\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=120864"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120864\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=120864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=120864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=120864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}