{"id":122650,"date":"2024-11-06T08:45:51","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T01:45:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=122650"},"modified":"2024-11-06T08:45:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T01:45:51","slug":"jupiter-has-no-surface-heres-how-thats-actually-possible-sciencealert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=122650","title":{"rendered":"Jupiter Has No Surface. Here&#8217;s How That&#8217;s Actually Possible. : ScienceAlert"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The planet  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/the-weirdest-facts-about-jupiter\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73113\" data-postid=\"142648\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">Jupiter<\/a> has no solid ground \u2013 no surface, like the grass or dirt you tread here on Earth. There&#8217;s nothing to walk on, and no place to land a spaceship.<\/p>\n<p>But how can that be? If Jupiter doesn&#8217;t have a surface, what does it have? How can it hold together?<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Even as <a href=\"https:\/\/benjaminroulston.com\/\">a professor of physics<\/a> who studies all kinds of unusual phenomena, I realize the concept of a world without a surface is difficult to fathom. Yet much about Jupiter remains a mystery, even as NASA&#8217;s robotic probe Juno <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/missions\/juno\">begins its ninth year orbiting this strange planet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What They Didn&#039;t Teach You in School About Jupiter | Our Solar System&#039;s Planets\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JRHwq1DIgbI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe> frameborder=&#8221;0\u2033 allowfullscreen=&#8221;allowfullscreen&#8221;&gt;<\/iframe><\/p><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Jupiter&#8217;s mass is two-and-a-half times that of all the other planets in the solar system combined.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>First, some facts<\/h2>\n<p>Jupiter, the fifth planet from the Sun, is between  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/mars\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73083\" data-postid=\"142648\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">Mars<\/a> and  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/what-is-saturn\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"102270\" data-postid=\"142648\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">Saturn<\/a>. It&#8217;s the largest planet in the solar system, big enough for more than <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/jupiter\/jupiter-facts\/\">1,000 Earths to fit inside, with room to spare<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>While the four inner planets of the solar system \u2013  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/mercury\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"72978\" data-postid=\"142648\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">Mercury<\/a>,  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/venus\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73074\" data-postid=\"142648\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">Venus<\/a>, Earth and Mars \u2013 are all made of solid, rocky material, Jupiter <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/exoplanets\/gas-giant\/\">is a gas giant<\/a> with a composition similar to the Sun; it&#8217;s a roiling, stormy, wildly turbulent ball of gas. Some places on Jupiter have winds of more than 400 mph (about 640 kilometers per hour), about three times faster than a Category 5 hurricane on Earth.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604481\/original\/file-20240702-17-7ja9bt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A photograph of the planet Jupiter swathed in blue, brown and gold bands.\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604481\/original\/file-20240702-17-7ja9bt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604481\/original\/file-20240702-17-7ja9bt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604481\/original\/file-20240702-17-7ja9bt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604481\/original\/file-20240702-17-7ja9bt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604481\/original\/file-20240702-17-7ja9bt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604481\/original\/file-20240702-17-7ja9bt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604481\/original\/file-20240702-17-7ja9bt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">A photo of the southern hemisphere of Jupiter, taken by NASA&#8217;s Juno spacecraft in 2017. (<\/span><span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov\/catalog\/PIA21970\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/SwRI\/MSSS\/Gerald Eichstadt\/Sean Doran<\/a>)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Searching for solid ground<\/h2>\n<p>Start from the top of Earth&#8217;s atmosphere, go down about 60 miles (roughly 100 kilometers), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grc.nasa.gov\/www\/k-12\/airplane\/atmosphere.html#:%7E\">the air pressure continuously increases<\/a>. Ultimately you hit Earth&#8217;s surface, either land or water.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Compare that with Jupiter: Start near the top of its mostly hydrogen and helium atmosphere, and like on Earth, the pressure increases the deeper you go. But on Jupiter, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.giantworlds.org\/meetthegiants\/jupiter.php#:%7E\">the pressure is immense<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>As the layers of gas above you push down more and more, it&#8217;s like being at the bottom of the ocean \u2013 but instead of water, you&#8217;re surrounded by gas. The pressure becomes so intense that the human body would implode; you would be squashed.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Go down 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers), and the hot, dense gas begins to behave strangely. Eventually, the gas turns into a form of liquid hydrogen, creating what can be thought of as the largest ocean in the solar system, albeit an ocean without water.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Go down another 20,000 miles (about 32,000 kilometers), and the hydrogen becomes more like flowing liquid metal, a material so exotic that only recently, and with great difficulty, have scientists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2119442-metallic-hydrogen-finally-made-in-lab-at-mind-boggling-pressure\/\">reproduced it in the laboratory<\/a>. The atoms in this liquid metallic hydrogen are squeezed so tightly that its electrons <a href=\"https:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/jupiter\/in-depth.amp\">are free to roam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind that these layer transitions are gradual, not abrupt; the transition from normal hydrogen gas to liquid hydrogen and then to metallic hydrogen happens slowly and smoothly. At no point is there a sharp boundary, solid material or surface.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/614075\/original\/file-20240816-21-6rxua2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An illustration that shows the interior layers of Jupiter, including its core.\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/614075\/original\/file-20240816-21-6rxua2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/614075\/original\/file-20240816-21-6rxua2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=474&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/614075\/original\/file-20240816-21-6rxua2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=474&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/614075\/original\/file-20240816-21-6rxua2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=474&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/614075\/original\/file-20240816-21-6rxua2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=596&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/614075\/original\/file-20240816-21-6rxua2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=596&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/614075\/original\/file-20240816-21-6rxua2.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=596&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">An illustration of Jupiter&#8217;s interior layers. One bar is approximately equal to the air pressure at sea level on Earth.<\/span><span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/image-detail\/jupiter-with-labeled-interior-layers-4k\/\"> (NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/a>)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Scary to the core<\/h2>\n<p>Ultimately, you&#8217;d reach the core of Jupiter. This is the central region of Jupiter&#8217;s interior, and not to be confused with a surface.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Scientists are still debating the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.missionjuno.swri.edu\/jupiter\/the-interior?show=hs_jupiter_the-interior_story_whats-in-jupiters-core\">exact nature of the core&#8217;s material<\/a>. The most favored model: It&#8217;s not solid, like rock, but more like a hot, dense and possibly metallic mixture of liquid and solid.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>The pressure at Jupiter&#8217;s core is so immense that it would be like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pas.rochester.edu\/%7Eblackman\/ast104\/jinterior.html#:%7E:\">100 million Earth atmospheres pressing down on you<\/a> \u2013 or two Empire State buildings on top of each square inch of your body.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>But pressure wouldn&#8217;t be your only problem. A spacecraft trying to reach Jupiter&#8217;s core would be melted by the extreme heat \u2013 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit (20,000 degrees Celsius). That&#8217;s three times hotter than the surface of the Sun.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604482\/original\/file-20240702-17-gyyrtf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An image of Jupiter featuring brown, beige and orange belts along with the Great Red Spot.\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604482\/original\/file-20240702-17-gyyrtf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604482\/original\/file-20240702-17-gyyrtf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=469&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604482\/original\/file-20240702-17-gyyrtf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=469&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604482\/original\/file-20240702-17-gyyrtf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=469&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604482\/original\/file-20240702-17-gyyrtf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=590&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604482\/original\/file-20240702-17-gyyrtf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=590&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/604482\/original\/file-20240702-17-gyyrtf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=590&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">An image taken of Jupiter by Voyager 1. Note the Great Red Spot, a storm large enough to hold three Earths.<\/span><span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov\/catalog\/PIA00014\"> (NASA\/JPL<\/a>)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Jupiter helps Earth<\/h2>\n<p>Jupiter is a weird and forbidding place. But if Jupiter weren&#8217;t around, it&#8217;s possible human beings might not exist.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>That&#8217;s because Jupiter acts as a shield for the inner planets of the solar system, including Earth. With its massive gravitational pull, Jupiter has altered the <a href=\"https:\/\/cnas.ucr.edu\/media\/2023\/11\/02\/jupiter-black-sheep-which-protects-all-life-earth#:%7E\">orbit of asteroids and comets<\/a> for billions of years.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Without Jupiter&#8217;s intervention, some of that space debris could have crashed into Earth; if one had been a cataclysmic collision, it could have caused an extinction-level event. Just look at <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/could-dinosaurs-still-exist-somewhere-in-the-world-a-paleontologist-explains-233967\">what happened to the dinosaurs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Maybe Jupiter gave an assist to our existence, but the planet itself is extraordinarily inhospitable to life \u2013 at least, life as we know it.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>The same is not the case with a Jupiter moon, Europa, perhaps our best chance to find <a href=\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/why-europa\/ingredients-for-life\/#:%7E\">life elsewhere in the solar system<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>NASA&#8217;s Europa Clipper, a robotic probe <a href=\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/mission\/about\/\">launching in October 2024<\/a>, is scheduled to do about 50 fly-bys over that moon to <a href=\"https:\/\/europa.nasa.gov\/why-europa\/evidence-for-an-ocean\/\">study its enormous underground ocean<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Could something be living in Europa&#8217;s water? Scientists won&#8217;t know for a while. Because of Jupiter&#8217;s distance from Earth, the probe won&#8217;t arrive until April 2030.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/231901\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines -->\n<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/benjamin-roulston-1539784\">Benjamin Roulston<\/a>, Assistant Professor of Physics, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/clarkson-university-4276\">Clarkson University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-can-jupiter-have-no-surface-a-dive-into-a-planet-so-big-it-could-swallow-1-000-earths-231901\">original article<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/jupiter-has-no-surface-heres-how-thats-actually-possible\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The planet Jupiter has no solid ground \u2013 no surface, like the grass or dirt you tread here on Earth. There&#8217;s nothing to walk on, and no place to land &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=122650\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=122650"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122650\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=122650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=122650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=122650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}