{"id":124068,"date":"2024-11-10T02:45:06","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T19:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=124068"},"modified":"2024-11-10T02:45:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T19:45:06","slug":"childhood-stress-disrupts-attention-sleep-and-dopamine-balance-in-adults","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=124068","title":{"rendered":"Childhood Stress Disrupts Attention, Sleep, and Dopamine Balance in Adults"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Summary: <\/strong>New research links childhood adversity with later attention deficits, sleep disruptions, and specific dopamine imbalances in the brain. Focusing on critical developmental windows, scientists found that disrupted care early in life affected males more than females.<\/p>\n<p>In experiments, male mice exhibited poor attention and sleep patterns in adulthood, similar to attention-deficit effects seen in humans. Remarkably, these deficits were reversible with drugs targeting dopamine receptors.<\/p>\n<p>Findings suggest that early-life stress, paired with sleep loss, impacts the anterior cingulate cortex, influencing long-term focus and emotional regulation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Early-life adversity in mice led to lasting attention deficits in males, not females.<\/li>\n<li>Attention issues were linked to imbalanced dopamine receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex.<\/li>\n<li>Treatments adjusting dopamine receptors restored attention, even after early critical periods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong>Children\u2019s Hospital Boston<\/p>\n<p><strong>New research on the effects of adversity in childhood ties together stress, sleep loss, and attention deficits later in life. It also uncovers some of the underlying brain biology and potential treatment approaches\u2014while revealing a puzzling sex-specific effect.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The lab of Takao Hensch, Ph.D., has long studied time windows during development\u2014commonly termed critical periods\u2014when the brain actively revises its circuits in response to experience.<\/p>\n<p>In a cover story\u00a0published\u00a0in\u00a0<em>Science Translational Medicine<\/em>, the Hensch Lab now shows that there is an early critical period for the development of attention that is disrupted by adversity\u2014in this case parental neglect.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe pinpointed the timing and mechanisms underlying attention problems in mice and connected it to human children,\u201d says Hensch, a scientist with the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center at Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Harvard University\u2019s Center for Brain Science.<\/p>\n<p>Hensch and his colleagues modeled early adversity by studying mice whose mothers were distracted and gave erratic care during the critical newborn period. The\u00a0male offspring, but not the females, showed\u00a0attention deficits\u00a0in adulthood, performing poorly on attention-related visual tasks that required making choices.<\/p>\n<p>Aside from being sex-specific, the attention deficits appeared to be driven by disrupted sleep patterns. In fact, sleep loss alone produced the same attention deficits in adult mice that hadn\u2019t experienced neglect.<\/p>\n<p>Hensch sees a parallel in people. \u201cWe know that even just a few nights of bad sleep can cause our attention to drop,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adversity, stress, sleep loss, and attention<\/h2>\n<p>Intriguingly, Hensch\u2019s team identified a brain mechanism underlying the attention deficits: a difference in the balance of dopamine receptors in the\u00a0anterior cingulate cortex\u00a0(ACC), which regulates emotions and control of thoughts and actions.<\/p>\n<p>One receptor, D2, was elevated, while another, D4, was reduced\u2014whether the attention deficits resulted from parental neglect or directly from sleep loss in adulthood.<\/p>\n<p>Even more strikingly, the imbalance was reversible with drugs that either suppressed the D2 receptor or stimulated D4. In either case, treatment improved attention well after the critical period was over.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe think dopamine signaling in the ACC is closely related to attention,\u201d says Hensch.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the team found that in male mice, early adversity was associated with\u00a0oxidative stress\u00a0in the brain and increased levels of a peptide called orexin in the brain\u2019s sleep centers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOrexin is an arousal molecule and was associated with sleep loss in males,\u201d says Hensch.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teasing out sex-specific effects<\/h2>\n<p>Why are the effects of early adversity and\u00a0sleep loss\u00a0specific to males? Parallel human studies conducted by paper co-authors at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Calgary confirmed that children (primarily boys) show attention deficits by age 3 to 5.<\/p>\n<p>These findings are consistent with the known higher prevalence of ADHD in boys and further indicate that sex differences emerge soon after early life stress.<\/p>\n<p>Hensch\u2019s lab plans further work to explore what makes females more resilient to adversity, both in mice and in humans.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe think the female brain may protect itself during unpredictable caregiving conditions by consolidating its circuits faster,\u201d Hensch says. \u201cThe down side is that they may then be losing out on later critical periods by maturing too quickly.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The researchers also want to better understand what causes the dopamine receptor imbalance and what specific cell types in the ACC are affected. Ultimately, the work may lead to ways of helping people with attention deficits.<\/p>\n<p>The study was inspired by earlier human research on the cognitive effects of early\u00a0adversity.<\/p>\n<p>Over decades in Romania, Charles Nelson, Ph.D., chair in Pediatric Developmental Medicine Research at Boston Children\u2019s, found that neglected babies in orphanages tended to develop lasting cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, including attention deficits. However, transfer to quality foster homes before age two reduced these effects.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis study offers hope that brain circuitry might be rescuable even after passing through the crucial period,\u201d says Hensch. \u201cWe could have an informed chance to intervene.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About this neurodevelopment and neuroscience research news<\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Author: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nancy Fliesler<\/a><br \/><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Children\u2019s Hospital Boston<\/a><br \/><strong>Contact: <\/strong>Nancy Fliesler \u2013 Children\u2019s Hospital Boston<br \/><strong>Image: <\/strong>The image is credited to Neuroscience News<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Original Research: <\/strong>Closed access.<br \/>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.adh9763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sleep-sensitive dopamine receptor expression in male mice underlies attention deficits after a critical period of early adversity<\/a>\u201d by Yuichi Makino et al. <em>Science Translational Medicine<\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sleep-sensitive dopamine receptor expression in male mice underlies attention deficits after a critical period of early adversity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Early life stress (ELS) yields cognitive impairments of unknown molecular and physiological origin.<\/p>\n<p>We found that fragmented maternal care of mice during a neonatal critical period from postnatal days P2\u20139 elevated dopamine receptor D2R and suppressed D4R expression, specifically within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in only the male offspring.<\/p>\n<p>This was associated with poor performance on a two-choice visual attention task, which was acutely rescued in adulthood by local or systemic pharmacological rebalancing of D2R\/D4R activity.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, ELS male mice demonstrated heightened hypothalamic orexin and persistently disrupted sleep. Given that acute sleep deprivation in normally reared male mice mimicked the ACC dopamine receptor subtype modulation and disrupted attention of ELS mice, sleep loss likely underlies cognitive deficits in ELS mice.<\/p>\n<p>Likewise, sleep impairment mediated the attention deficits associated with early adversity in human children, as demonstrated by path analysis on data collected with multiple questionnaires for a large child cohort.<\/p>\n<p>A deeper understanding of the sex-specific cognitive consequences of ELS thus has the potential to reveal therapeutic strategies for overcoming them.<\/p>\n<p> <!-- Form created by Optin Forms plugin by WPKube: create beautiful optin forms with ease! --> <!-- https:\/\/wpkube.com\/ --><!--optinforms-form5-container--> <!-- \/ Optin Forms --> <\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/stress-neurodevelopment-dopamine-sleep-27999\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary: New research links childhood adversity with later attention deficits, sleep disruptions, and specific dopamine imbalances in the brain. Focusing on critical developmental windows, scientists found that disrupted care early &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=124068\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-124068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=124068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124068\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=124068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=124068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=124068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}