{"id":125407,"date":"2024-11-13T16:19:57","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T09:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=125407"},"modified":"2024-11-13T16:19:57","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T09:19:57","slug":"glial-cells-may-influence-depression-and-schizophrenia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=125407","title":{"rendered":"Glial Cells May Influence Depression and Schizophrenia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Summary: <\/strong>New research highlights neuroglia (or glia cells) as critical players in mental health, potentially influencing conditions like depression and schizophrenia. Glia cells, long considered \u201csupport cells\u201d in the brain, have now been shown to communicate through unique calcium signaling, impacting neuronal function and stress responses. Studies suggest that compromised astrocyte function, a glial cell type, may relate to depressive symptoms and schizophrenia.<\/p>\n<p>New technologies enable scientists to convert accessible cells, like skin, into glial cells, allowing personalized study and treatment of psychiatric conditions. This research aims to shift psychiatry from symptom-based to mechanism-based care, promising a future of tailored therapies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Glia cells make up about half the brain\u2019s cellular structure and have unique signaling abilities that influence mental health.<\/li>\n<li>Astrocyte dysfunction has been linked to depressive-like symptoms in animal studies and may affect how individuals respond to specific antipsychotic medications.<\/li>\n<li>New techniques can turn a patient\u2019s skin cells into glial cells for customized investigation, potentially leading to more precise treatments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong>University of Colorado<\/p>\n<p><strong>It\u2019s only during the last few decades that neuroglia, a diverse group of cells found in the brain that perform a variety of functions to support neurons, have been the subject of research. Prior to that, brain research focused heavily on the role of neurons.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>But as investigations continue, scientists increasingly suspect that these cells, often called glia cells or \u201cnerve glue,\u201d may play an important role in psychiatric illnesses, such as depression and schizophrenia.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-106082\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience.jpg\" alt=\"This shows glial cells.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/glial-cells-depression-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/> <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A subset of neuroglia, called astrocytes, seem to be intricately connected to how the synapses work in neurons, and because these cells play a role in the brain\u2019s stress response, it\u2019s possible that they are connected to some mental health conditions. Credit: Neuroscience News<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cWhen we think of the brain we\u2019re usually thinking about neurons, but that\u2019s only about 50% of what makes up the brain,\u201d says Sukumar Vijayaraghavan, Ph.D., professor of physiology and biophysics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, who works at the intersection of neuroscience and society and previously led a lab dedicated to studying the brain\u2019s signaling mechanisms.<\/p>\n<p>The other cells, neuroglia, were believed to function as the brain\u2019s janitorial staff, keeping the environment appropriate for optimal neuronal signaling. Then, scientists discovered that neuroglia have their own signaling system different from the electrical signals neurons give off. Glia cells have calcium signals.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe started wondering what all these cells do,\u201d says Vijayaraghavan, who first took up an interest in glia cells more than 20 years ago.<\/p>\n<p>As it turns out, a lot.<\/p>\n<p>Vijayaraghavan is the first author of a recent clinical commentary on this topic\u00a0appearing\u00a0in\u00a0<em>Biological Psychiatry<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2018Bringing neuroscience into psychiatry\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>A subset of neuroglia, called astrocytes, seem to be intricately connected to how the synapses work in neurons, and because these cells play a role in the brain\u2019s stress response, it\u2019s possible that they are connected to some mental health conditions.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCalcium signaling was the key impetus to this field in the sense that we found that they have elaborate mechanisms of signaling to each other, to the neurons, and to the\u00a0blood vessels\u00a0in the brain,\u201d Vijayaraghavan says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe previously thought they were non-excitable cells, but it\u2019s actually a unique form of excitability.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In a 2017\u00a0study, researchers in China showed that when astrocyte function is compromised, animal models tended to develop depression-like symptoms. Vijayaraghavan and Andrew Novick, MD, Ph.D., assistant professor of psychiatry, write in their commentary that this is just one example of how glia cells \u201cseem to play a critical role in psychiatric illness.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNot only do astrocytes from individuals with psychiatric disorders have different characteristics than those of healthy control participants, but there are also differences based on their clinical profiles,\u201d they write in the essay.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor example, one study enrolled individuals with schizophrenia who had either responded to or failed a trial with clozapine (an antipsychotic medication). Astrocytes from both groups had deficits in glutamate signaling.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe cool part is what happened next: When they exposed astrocytes to clozapine, glutamate signaling normalized\u2014but only in the group of clinical responders,\u201d they continue.<\/p>\n<p>Better understanding of neuroglia could add value in clinics in other ways, too.<\/p>\n<p>Many\u00a0psychiatric disorders\u00a0are primarily described in terms of symptoms. The problem with that, researchers say, is that there may be many reasons for those symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re bringing neuroscience into psychiatry in the sense that it\u2019s thinking more in mechanistic terms as to what is specifically happening, rather than just relying on symptomatology,\u201d Vijayaraghavan says.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technology and the future<\/h2>\n<p>Novick says it\u2019s important to be able to explain to patients why they\u2019re experiencing psychiatric symptoms and what might be malfunctioning in the brain. So far, that can be difficult to do.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you went to the doctor with a stomachache and they only responded with a medicine that could fix the stomachache but not what actually caused the stomachache, that wouldn\u2019t be satisfactory,\u201d Novick says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s not a proper understanding of things, and so we\u2019re trying to figure out what\u2019s causing these psychiatric diseases, not just how to treat them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, investigating glial cells may help meet both of those aims.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFrom all the data we have, we know that there seems to be a connection between astrocytes and depression,\u201d Novick says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis means there\u2019s likely some impact from drugs used to treat depression, and so that\u2019s an important aspect of how understanding these cells influences psychiatry.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>New technology is allowing deeper investigation into\u00a0glia cells. Scientists can now take a person\u2019s skin or blood cell\u2014which is easier to obtain than a glial cell\u2014and program it into an embryonic-like state and then turn it into the cell of interest.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe find a lot of astrocytic markers that are correlated with diseases like depression. That prompts questions of whether that gives us a diagnostic or even a predictive tool to look at what these astrocytes are doing and what causes the depression,\u201d Vijayaraghavan says.<\/p>\n<p>In the future, this work could help develop personalized treatments.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe could take a cell from a person with schizophrenia or depression, make\u00a0astrocytes\u00a0and figure out the dysfunction and design a therapeutic with the individual in mind,\u201d Vijayaraghavan says.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About this mental health and neuroscience research news<\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Author: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucdenver.edu\/anschutz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kara Mason<\/a><br \/><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucdenver.edu\/anschutz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">University of Colorado<\/a><br \/><strong>Contact: <\/strong>Kara Mason \u2013 University of Colorado<br \/><strong>Image: <\/strong>The image is credited to Neuroscience News<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Original Research: <\/strong>Open access.<br \/>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com\/article\/S0006-3223(24)01550-6\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Under the Microscope: Nerve Glue and the Evolution of Psychiatric Neuroscience<\/a>\u201d by Sukumar Vijayaraghavan et al. <em>Biological Psychiatry<\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Under the Microscope: Nerve Glue and the Evolution of Psychiatric Neuroscience<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In December 1993, at the annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, psychiatrist David Healy was bored. So, he decided to try something.<\/p>\n<p>He approached several well-known psychiatrists and scientists and asked if they\u2019d be willing to talk about their life and work.<\/p>\n<p>The stories were amazing: from the discovery of the monoamine system, to the first human trials of reuptake inhibitors, to how antipsychotics evolved from the mysterious chlorpromazine to highly specific D<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0antagonists.<\/p>\n<p>He ultimately compiled these interviews into a 4-volume series entitled\u00a0<em>The Psychopharmacologists<\/em>. In many ways, these stories inform the identity of the modern psychiatrist.<\/p>\n<p> <!-- Form created by Optin Forms plugin by WPKube: create beautiful optin forms with ease! --> <!-- https:\/\/wpkube.com\/ --><!--optinforms-form5-container--> <!-- \/ Optin Forms --> <\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/glia-depression-schizophrenia-28022\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary: New research highlights neuroglia (or glia cells) as critical players in mental health, potentially influencing conditions like depression and schizophrenia. Glia cells, long considered \u201csupport cells\u201d in the brain, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=125407\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=125407"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125407\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=125407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=125407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=125407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}