{"id":125505,"date":"2024-11-13T22:25:51","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T15:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=125505"},"modified":"2024-11-13T22:25:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T15:25:51","slug":"study-links-stress-hormones-to-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=125505","title":{"rendered":"Study Links Stress Hormones to Diabetes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Summary: <\/strong>New research suggests that stress hormones, rather than impaired insulin signaling, may primarily drive diabetes in obesity. This study found that high levels of stress hormones, like norepinephrine, counter insulin\u2019s effects, leading to insulin resistance even with intact insulin signaling. When genetically modified mice couldn\u2019t produce these stress hormones, they avoided diabetes despite obesity.<\/p>\n<p>This breakthrough may explain why some obese individuals develop diabetes while others don\u2019t. Future treatments could target stress hormone reduction to manage insulin resistance. Researchers are now investigating the role of short-term stress and overeating in diabetes risk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stress hormones may be the main driver of obesity-induced diabetes, not insulin signaling.<\/li>\n<li>Overeating rapidly increases stress hormones like norepinephrine, contributing to insulin resistance.<\/li>\n<li>Genetically modified mice without stress hormones did not develop diabetes, despite obesity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong>Rutgers University<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u00a0study\u00a0from Rutgers Health and other institutions indicates that stress hormones \u2013 not impaired cellular insulin signaling \u2013 may be the primary driver of obesity-related diabetes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The paper in\u00a0<em>Cell Metabolism<\/em>\u00a0may transform our understanding of how obesity-induced insulin resistance develops and how to treat it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have been interested in the basic mechanisms of how obesity induces diabetes. Given that the cost of the diabetes epidemic in the U.S. alone exceeds $300 billion per year, this is a critically important question,\u201d said\u00a0Christoph Buettner, chief of endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and the study\u2019s senior author.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-106110\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience.jpg.webp 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience.jpg\" alt=\"This shows a man with a fuzzy head.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-293x195.jpg 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/stress-hormone-diabetes-neuroscience-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/> <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The authors observed that overeating in normal mice increases the stress hormone norepinephrine within days, indicating how quickly surplus food stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Credit: Neuroscience News<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Scientists have long thought obesity causes diabetes by impairing the way insulin signals within liver and fat cells. However, the new research shows that overeating and obesity increase the body\u2019s sympathetic nervous system \u2013 the \u201cfight or flight\u201d response \u2013 and that the increased level of the stress hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine counteract insulin\u2019s effects even though cellular insulin signaling still works.<\/p>\n<p>The authors observed that overeating in normal mice increases the stress hormone norepinephrine within days, indicating how quickly surplus food stimulates the sympathetic nervous system.<\/p>\n<p>To see what effect this excess hormone production has in spurring disease development, the authors then deployed a new type of genetically engineered mice that are normal in every way but one: They cannot produce stress hormones catecholamines outside of their brains and central nervous systems.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers fed these mice the obesity-inducing high-fat and high-sugar diet, but although they ate as many calories and got just as obese as normal mice, they did not develop metabolic disease.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe were delighted to see that our mice ate as much because it indicates that the differences in insulin sensitivity and their lack of metabolic disease are not due to reduced food intake or reduced obesity but due to the greatly reduced stress hormones.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese mice cannot increase stress hormones that counteract insulin; hence, insulin resistance does not develop during obesity development.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The new findings may help explain why some obese individuals develop diabetes while others don\u2019t and why stress can worsen diabetes even with little weight gain.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMany types of stress \u2013 financial stress, marital stress, the stress associated with living in dangerous areas or suffering discrimination or even the physical stress that comes from excessive alcohol consumption \u2014 all increase diabetes and synergize with the metabolic stress of obesity,\u201d Buettner said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur finding that even obesity principally induces metabolic disease via increased stress hormones provides new insight into the common basis for all these factors that increase the risk of diabetes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cStress and obesity, in essence, work through the same basic mechanism in causing diabetes, through the actions of stress hormones.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While it is well known that catecholamines can impair insulin action, the new study suggests that this may be the fundamental mechanism underlying insulin resistance in obesity.<\/p>\n<p>The dynamic interplay between stress hormones, which work in opposition to insulin, has long been known. Stress hormones increase glucose and lipids in the bloodstream, while insulin lowers these.<\/p>\n<p>However, an unexpected finding of the new study is that insulin signaling can remain intact even in insulin-resistant states like obesity. It\u2019s just that the heightened activity of stress hormones effectively \u201cpush the gas pedal harder,\u201d resulting in increased blood sugar and fat levels.<\/p>\n<p>Even though the level of insulin\u2019s \u201cbraking\u201d effect remains the same, the accelerated gas pedal effect of catecholamines overwhelms the brake effect of insulin and results in relatively diminished insulin action.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome colleagues are at first surprised that insulin resistance can exist even though cellular insulin signaling is intact. But let\u2019s not forget that the gas pedal effects of stress hormones are exerted through very different signaling pathways than insulin signaling.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat explains why the ability of insulin to \u2018brake\u2019 and reduce the release of sugar and fat into the bloodstream is impaired even though insulin signaling is intact because stress signaling is predominant.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The findings suggest that medications that reduce catecholamines, a term for all the stress-related hormones and neurotransmitters produced by the SNS and the adrenal gland, might help prevent or treat diabetes.<\/p>\n<p>However, medicines that block catecholamines, as they are currently used to treat high blood pressure, haven\u2019t shown major benefits for diabetes. This may be because current drugs don\u2019t block the relevant receptors or because they affect the brain and body in complex ways, Buettner said.<\/p>\n<p>Buettner and the study\u2019s first author, Kenichi Sakamoto, an assistant professor of endocrinology at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, are planning human studies to confirm their findings. They\u2019re also examining the role of the sympathetic nervous system and other forms of diabetes, including Type 1 diabetes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe would like to study if short-term overfeeding, as some of us experience during the holidays by gaining five to 10 pounds, increases insulin resistance with heightened sympathetic nervous system activation,\u201d Buettner said.<\/p>\n<p>The findings may ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches to tackle insulin resistance, diabetes and metabolic disease, focused on reducing stress hormones rather than targeting insulin signaling.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe hope this paper provides a different take on insulin resistance,\u201d Buettner said. \u201cIt may also explain why none of the drugs currently used to treat insulin resistance, except insulin itself, directly increases cellular insulin signaling.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About this diabetes and stress research news<\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Author: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/cdn-cgi\/l\/email-protection#c5a4b6f6f6f0fd85a0a6adaaebb7b0b1a2a0b7b6eba0a1b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Andrew Smith<\/a><br \/><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rutgers.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rutgers<\/a><br \/><strong>Contact: <\/strong>Andrew Smith \u2013 Rutgers<br \/><strong>Image: <\/strong>The image is credited to Neuroscience News<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Original Research<\/strong>: Open access.<br \/>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1550413124003760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Overnutrition causes insulin resistance and metabolic disorder through increased sympathetic nervous system activity<\/a>\u201d by Christoph Buettner et al. <em>Cell Metabolism<\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Overnutrition causes insulin resistance and metabolic disorder through increased sympathetic nervous system activity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The mechanisms underlying obesity-induced insulin resistance remain incompletely understood, as impaired cellular insulin signaling, traditionally considered the primary driver of insulin resistance, does not always accompany impaired insulin action.<\/p>\n<p>Overnutrition rapidly increases plasma norepinephrine (NE), suggesting overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, the role of the SNS in obesity is controversial, as both increased and decreased SNS activity (SNA) have been reported.<\/p>\n<p>Here, we show that reducing catecholamine (CA) release from the SNS protects against overnutrition-induced insulin resistance as well as hyperglucagonemia, adipose tissue dysfunction, and fatty liver disease, as we demonstrate utilizing a mouse model of inducible and peripherally restricted deletion of tyrosine hydroxylase (<em>th<\/em>; TH\u0394per).<\/p>\n<p>A key mechanism through which heightened SNA induces insulin resistance is by triggering adipose tissue lipolysis.<\/p>\n<p>Increased SNA emerges as a critical driver in the pathogenesis of overnutrition-induced insulin resistance and metabolic disease independent of cellular insulin signaling.<\/p>\n<p> <!-- Form created by Optin Forms plugin by WPKube: create beautiful optin forms with ease! --> <!-- https:\/\/wpkube.com\/ --><!--optinforms-form5-container--> <!-- \/ Optin Forms --> <\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/stress-hormones-diabetes-28029\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary: New research suggests that stress hormones, rather than impaired insulin signaling, may primarily drive diabetes in obesity. 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