{"id":126078,"date":"2024-11-15T09:32:48","date_gmt":"2024-11-15T02:32:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=126078"},"modified":"2024-11-15T09:32:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-15T02:32:48","slug":"brain-circuits-behind-psychedelics-anti-anxiety-power-decoded","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=126078","title":{"rendered":"Brain Circuits Behind Psychedelics\u2019 Anti-Anxiety Power Decoded"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Summary: <\/strong>New research has identified distinct neural circuits for the anti-anxiety and hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics. Using the psychedelic DOI in mice, researchers demonstrated that anxiety reduction persists long after hallucinatory effects subside.<\/p>\n<p>By mapping activated brain cells with molecular tagging and reactivating them with light, they pinpointed specific neurons in the prefrontal cortex responsible for anxiety relief.<\/p>\n<p>The findings suggest it may be possible to develop psychedelics-based treatments that alleviate anxiety without inducing hallucinations. This study also highlights the complexity of psychedelic effects, involving both direct and downstream neural networks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Anti-anxiety effects of psychedelics persist after hallucinations fade.<\/li>\n<li>Neural circuits for anxiety relief involve direct and downstream activation.<\/li>\n<li>Optogenetics reactivated anxiety-reducing neurons independently of drugs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong>UC Davis<\/p>\n<p><strong>New research suggests that it could be possible to separate treatment from hallucinations when developing new drugs based on psychedelics. The anti-anxiety andhallucination-inducing qualities of psychedelic drugs work through different neural circuits, according to research using a mouse model.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The work is published Nov. 15 in\u00a0<em>Science<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-106186\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence.jpg.webp 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-150x100.jpg.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence.jpg\" alt=\"This shows a brain.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-293x195.jpg 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/11\/anxiety-psychedelics-hallucinations-neurosicence-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/> <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Elucidating exactly how psychedelics affect the brain is a major goal of the IPN. Credit: Neuroscience News<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The research shows that decoupling the beneficial effects of psychedelics from their hallucinogenic effects isn\u2019t just a matter of chemical compound design. It\u2019s a matter of targeted neural circuitry.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the past, we did this using chemistry by making new compounds, but here we focused on identifying the circuits responsible for the effects, and it does seem that they are distinct,\u201d said study co-author\u00a0David E. Olson, director of the\u00a0Institute for Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics\u00a0(IPN) and a professor of chemistry and of biochemistry and molecular medicine at the University of California, Davis.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is an important mechanistic study that validates our earlier results.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Measuring anti-anxiety behaviors in mice<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The researchers measured anxiety in mouse models with two tests: the elevated plus maze and the marble burying test.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In the elevated plus maze, mice are placed in a cross-shaped maze raised a couple of feet off the ground. Two arms of the maze have high walls while the other two arms remain open and have no walls. Mice with high anxiety tend to stay in the closed arms with high walls, not willing to explore the open arms.<\/p>\n<p>In the marble burying test, mice with high anxiety tend to continuously and compulsively bury marbles in their bedding.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is well known that in mice, psychedelics induce reduced marble burying and promote exploration of the open arms of the plus maze,\u201d said\u00a0Christina Kim, the study\u2019s corresponding author and an assistant professor of neurology, core member of the\u00a0Center for Neuroscience\u00a0and IPN affiliate.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut there is also an intoxicating or hallucinogenic-like effect, which can be measured through head twitches in mice.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In the study, the team dosed mouse models with the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI). They found that six hours after the dose, the mice still exhibited reduced marble burying and increased open arm time in the elevated plus maze. However, the head twitches associated with hallucinations had disappeared.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe thought that if we could identify which neurons activated by DOI were responsible for reducing anxiety, then we might be able to reactivate them at a later time to mimic those anti-anxiety-like effects,\u201d Kim said.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>To identify the specific neural circuits associated with anti-anxiety effects, the team used a molecular tagging tool called scFLARE2 to highlight the neurons activated by DOI in the medial prefrontal cortex \u2014 a brain region known to be involved in reducing anxious behavior in mice.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The tagging allowed the team to isolate a psychedelic responsive network that extends beyond 5-HT2AR expressing neurons, the main receptor avenue through which psychedelics promote neuroplasticity.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Using light to promote anti-anxiety effects<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Equipped with a fluorescent map of the neurons activated by DOI, the team then used optogenetics, or light, to reactivate those neurons.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we performed the scFLARE2 tagging and reactivation of these specific prefrontal cortex cells, we could still drive a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors, measured as decreased marble burying and increased open arm exploration in the elevated plus maze,\u201d Kim said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe could do this just by targeting the DOI-activated cells and then reactivating them the next day.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The team also used single nucleus RNA sequencing to genetically profile the specific types of neurons in the DOI-activated network. Of the nine neuron group types identified, three exhibited high activation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile some of the cell types activated by DOI had strong 5-HT2AR expression, there were others that did not,\u201d Kim said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat is likely happening is that we are getting direct activation of cells that express 5-HT2AR, and then they go on to activate additional downstream cells that can trigger behavioral changes.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is important to realize that the cells that we are tagging and reactivating extend beyond just those that express the receptor for the drug,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n<p>The finding emphasizes how activating single touchpoints in the brain spirals out into the rest of the network.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile DOI is a potent psychedelic, it is not being explored as a potential therapeutic drug in the clinic. Thus the findings here are focused on dissecting the basic circuit mechanisms of this important class of drugs,\u201d Kim said.<\/p>\n<p>Elucidating exactly how psychedelics affect the brain is a major goal of the IPN.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cUnderstanding which neural circuits psychedelics activate to elicit their effects is the kind of basic science needed to ultimately develop targeted therapeutics with better safety profiles,\u201d Olson said.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Co-authors Jessie Muir, a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for Neuroscience, and Sophia Lin, a junior specialist at the Center for Neuroscience, spearheaded the DOI study. Additional authors on the study include I.K. Aarrestad, H.R. Daniels, J. Ma and L. Tian.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Funding: <\/strong>Funding for the research was provided by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface, the Brain &amp; Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Award, the Searle Scholars Program, The Kavli Foundation, the UC Davis Behavioral Health Center for Excellence Pilot Award, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research postdoctoral training award, the National Institutes of Health, the Boone Family Foundation and the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About this psychopharmacology research news<\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Author: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/cdn-cgi\/l\/email-protection#a3c2cbc5c6cfcfe3d6c0c7c2d5cad08dc6c7d6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Andrew Fell<\/a><br \/><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ucdavis.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UC Davis<\/a><br \/><strong>Contact: <\/strong>Andrew Fell \u2013 UC Davis<br \/><strong>Image: <\/strong>The image is credited to Neuroscience News<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Original Research: <\/strong>Closed access.<br \/>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adl0666\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Isolation of psychedelic-responsive neurons underlying anxiolytic behavioral states<\/a>\u201d by David E. Olson et al. <em>Science<\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Isolation of psychedelic-responsive neurons underlying anxiolytic behavioral states<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Psychedelics hold promise as alternate treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the neural mechanisms by which they drive adaptive behavioral effects remain unclear.<\/p>\n<p>We isolated the specific neurons modulated by a psychedelic to determine their role in driving behavior. Using a light- and calcium-dependent activity integrator, we genetically tagged psychedelic-responsive neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice.<\/p>\n<p>Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed that the psychedelic drove network-level activation of multiple cell types beyond just those expressing 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors.<\/p>\n<p>We labeled psychedelic-responsive mPFC neurons with an excitatory channelrhodopsin to enable their targeted manipulation. We found that reactivation of these cells recapitulated the anxiolytic effects of the psychedelic without driving its hallucinogenic-like effects.<\/p>\n<p>These findings reveal essential insight into the cell-type\u2013specific mechanisms underlying psychedelic-induced behavioral states.<\/p>\n<p> <!-- Form created by Optin Forms plugin by WPKube: create beautiful optin forms with ease! --> <!-- https:\/\/wpkube.com\/ --><!--optinforms-form5-container--> <!-- \/ Optin Forms --> <\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/anxiolitic-psychedelics-hallucinations-28050\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary: New research has identified distinct neural circuits for the anti-anxiety and hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics. Using the psychedelic DOI in mice, researchers demonstrated that anxiety reduction persists long after &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=126078\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=126078"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126078\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=126078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=126078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=126078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}