{"id":127997,"date":"2024-11-20T10:39:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T03:39:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=127997"},"modified":"2024-11-20T10:39:07","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T03:39:07","slug":"the-worlds-first-saber-toothed-cat-mummy-has-been-found-in-siberia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=127997","title":{"rendered":"The world\u2019s first saber-toothed cat mummy has been found in Siberia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"prism-GridColumn\" style=\"--grid-column-span-xxs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-xs:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-sm:var(--grid-columns);--grid-column-span-md:20;--grid-column-span-lg:16;--grid-column-span-xl:16;--grid-column-span-xxl:14;--grid-column-start-xxs:auto;--grid-column-start-xs:auto;--grid-column-start-sm:auto;--grid-column-start-md:3;--grid-column-start-lg:5;--grid-column-start-xl:5;--grid-column-start-xxl:6\">\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">The frozen cub not only provides the first look at what a saber-toothed cat looked like in real life, Reynolds notes, but also represents a life stage that paleontologists know less about, as most fossils are from adult animals.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"RxNCg ykkUm PvZ nIjPJ PMXYp LmsHF SfAHY mNgye lNbol LBPRq \">Seeing a sabertooth fur real<\/h2>\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">Lopatin and his coauthors identified the cub as a baby <i class=\" \">Homotherium latidens<\/i>. The carnivore, sometimes called a scimitar-toothed cat for its shorter, serrated canine teeth compared to the \u201cdirk-toothed\u201d <i class=\" \">Smilodon<\/i>, was a lanky and wide-ranging predator that was better suited to running after prey than the ambush techniques used by the famous <i class=\" \">Smilodon<\/i>. Found in both <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0277379113004654\">Eurasia and North America<\/a>, the cat hunted juvenile mammoths and other megafauna. Fossil sites such as <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.concordia.edu\/academics\/school-of-natural-and-applied-sciences\/friesenhahn-cave\/\">Friesenhahn Cave<\/a> in Texas indicate that the felines sometimes made dens in caves to raise their cubs.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">Without fossils that preserve soft tissue like fur, muscle, and skin, paleontologists have debated what <i class=\" \">Homotherium<\/i> would have looked like. For example, illustrators have often depicted sabertooths with the tips of their canines sticking out below their muzzles, which may have been true for some species like <i class=\" \">Smilodon<\/i>. But a 2022 analysis suggested that <i class=\" \">Homotherium<\/i> had deep muzzles, where the cat\u2019s sabers were \u201c<a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277379122001020\">concealed weapons<\/a>\u201d covered by the upper lip when the mouth was closed.<!-- -->\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"oLzSq QrHMO fnRUo pvsTF EhJPu vPlOC zNYgW OsTsW RMeqy daRVX ISNQ sKyCY eRftA acPPc MENS nFwaT MCnQE mEeeY SmBjI xegrY VvTxJ iulOd NIuqO zzscu lzDCc aHUBM hbvnu OjMNy eQqcx SVqKB GQmdz jaoD iShaE ONJdw vrZxD OnRTz gbbfF roDbV kRoBe oMlSS gfNzt oJhud eXZcf zhVlX \">\n<div>\n<div class=\"prism-commerce-container VKWa uMOq zYIfP JWnqE hsDdd lZur TPpRg NoUSU igcMP DtJWr QgBvn DFdlJ WRJzh GncOR dePeJ WdEvu LRKrZ qsCyh sDkEV tRUvJ vfgxB ociKu FeayO IOfvt RcyCh CpheS xMLxR ZWLsD OORPA UVJuH sOydf VTxHd hGand ZiTJ vOQON aygTJ NzAWG OejfS jfBYg fDzwm jzmm usAIt risvF PCBpE fOyKp lICdk ClHI TBmkq bztlJ sxSDk FELyU tCzGV JMHqu RcIjh yeJKB HByAZ WlrAp NXcCQ GthuU ZNHlY raGQJ ojgJ ykgPT yATrP \" data-testid=\"prism-card\"><a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA hsDdd cBQOR tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE GpQCA lZur BOsoU YMZw dihEb srtah LmIPo JzlZQ VbrfA zZsl kjmkg OwbFk QuuaM tOHqz GfDiz rCJMb HxCWP \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/nghistorysubs.nationalgeographic.com\/pubs\/NG\/NGH\/NGH_Holiday_Onsite_Gift_Aug24.jsp?cds_page_id=280478&amp;cds_mag_code=NGH&amp;id=1730489972865&amp;lsid=43061439328077486&amp;vid=1&amp;cds_response_key=I4HC2HOL1&amp;cmpid=int_org=ngp::int_mc=website::int_src=ngp::int_cmp=ngh_holiday24::int_add=inarticlepromostacked\" aria-label=\"LIMITED TIME OFFER\" aria-describedby=\"\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"GpQCA lZur Rnci kOMGa qiJyR \" data-testid=\"prism-ratio-frame\">\n<div class=\"FvQLF iLTd NqeUA UzzHi iWsMV \"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"hsDdd \" data-testid=\"prism-image\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/eb577a2a-7871-4ba3-9bb3-fee72bcd6a8c\/NGH-13203_1080x720-1_16x9.jpg\"\/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"QGHKv iVcn avodi rEPuv ICwhc ibBnq seFhp WtEci nkdHX \">\n<div class=\"VZTD rEPuv QXDKT UoVV vQyvj ZXUVE UPesc mbPGx AMmMo \" data-testid=\"prism-meta\">\n<p><span class=\"OqqjT PFoxV eBpQD fZrHq GpQCA lZsYi lkzRK soMma MbHDC KdWtx \" id=\"LIMITEDTIMEOFFERsubtitle\">The perfect gift for the history buff in your life. Give now and get a FREE TOTE BAG.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">Even with the mummy, the question of whether <i class=\" \">Homotherium<\/i> adults had covered fangs is challenging. Lopatin notes that the upper lip of the cub is more than twice as deep as that of a modern lion cub, further hinting that <i class=\" \">Homotherium <\/i>had lips capable of concealing the long canine teeth that they would later grow. Reynolds cautions, however, that the cub did not have its adult teeth yet. Only a mummy of an adult <i class=\" \">Homotherium<\/i> can settle that debate. The \u201csaberkitten\u201d suggests that an adult <i class=\" \">Homotherium<\/i> mummy could be awaiting discovery, as well.<\/p>\n<p class=\"EkqkG IGXmU nlgHS yuUao lqtkC TjIXL aGjvy \">In other respects, the cub\u2019s anatomy confirms what paleontologists expected from bones. \u201cThe cub had the enlarged neck muscles thought to occur in adults, and also had long, muscular forelimbs seen in adult <i class=\" \">Homotherium<\/i>,\u201d says <a class=\"zZygg UbGlr iFzkS qdXbA WCDhQ DbOXS tqUtK GpWVU iJYzE \" data-testid=\"prism-linkbase\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=eXeLMngAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=sra\">Margaret Lewis<\/a>, a paleontologist at Stockton University in New Jersey who was not involved in the new study. The juvenile\u2019s jaw was also capable of wide gapes that adult <i class=\" \">Homotherium<\/i> used to bite into prey, she notes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>window['__CONFIG__']={\"uid\":\"natgeo\",\"strictMode\":false,\"mode\":\"universal\",\"logLevel\":\"info\",\"logOutput\":\"json\",\"tms\":{\"enabled\":true,\"env\":\"dev\",\"tag\":\"https:\/\/nexus.ensighten.com\/TWDC-DTCI\/dev\/Bootstrap.js\",\"tagNS\":\"Boostrapper\",\"emitEvent\":\"tms:ready\",\"loadScript\":false,\"loadAsync\":true},\"allowMocks\":true,\"globalVar\":\"__natgeo__\",\"cdnPath\":\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\",\"buildHash\":false,\"http\":{\"timeout\":{\"client\":10000}},\"apiEnv\":\"production\",\"envName\":\"prod\",\"mockDataPort\":1981,\"host\":\"localhost\",\"basename\":\"\",\"collateXhr\":{}};window['__natgeo__']={\"app\":{\"uid\":\"natgeo\",\"mode\":\"universal\",\"apiEnv\":\"production\",\"envName\":\"prod\",\"cdnPath\":\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\",\"collateXhr\":{},\"allowMocks\":true,\"mockDataPort\":1981,\"excludePageCSS\":false,\"assets\":{\"chunks\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/runtime-8349f61a.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/8202-236416f1.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/9479-e4570a09.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/7708-37c5b074.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/2919-5601fd2a.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/3460-bb7648a2.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/5437-1886eb56.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/19-1bab2616.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/4257-3ac25efc.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/1156-e472ade1.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/1551-aa7e6abb.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/1636-d35758d4.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/3021-2f0be111.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/8330-6af310aa.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/5427-0bf927ab.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/4162-192c0a75.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/9381-56e8d894.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/6753-d2f76f55.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/3097-df9f81ee.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/4343-b87c7e66.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/3641-760c8582.js\"],\"entries\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/natgeo-b6cb5abe.js\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/prismarticle-24106b20.js\"],\"css\":[\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/fusion-59015cb9.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/8202-e4f72c35.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/natgeo-762fa9a3.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/3460-2b75f11c.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/1156-07c56ce0.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/1551-74bf7284.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/5427-d6305e79.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/4162-313cf2d3.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2\/client\/natgeo\/css\/9381-70992203.css\",\"\/\/assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com\/natgeo\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Despite models in museums, dramatic paleoart, and even a starring spot in the <i>Ice Age<\/i> movies, the appearance of these long-fanged predators has been a mystery. All experts have really had to go on are fossilized bones and the occasional footprint. Now a frozen cub found in the Siberian permafrost has provided the world with a glimpse of a sabertooth that roamed across the Northern Hemisphere around 32,000 years ago.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html1\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\u201cI was over-the-moon excited to see such an incredible specimen,\u201d says <a href=\\\"https:\/\/ashleyreynolds.ca\/\\\">Ashley Reynolds<\/a>, a paleontologist at the Canadian Museum of Nature who was not involved in the new research. Even though mummified mammoths and other herbivores have been found in the same region of Russia, apex predators are rare compared to their prey. The discovery of a sabertooth mummy always seemed a slim chance, as prey tend to outnumber predators in the wild.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html2\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"In 2020, \u201cthe frozen, mummified carcass was found by diggers prospecting for mammoth tusks,\u201d says paleontologist A.V. Lopatin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Lopatin and his colleagues were \u201csurprised and delighted\u201d to study the specimen which <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79546-1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">they described<\/a> November 14 in <i>Scientific Reports<\/i>.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html3\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"The frozen cub not only provides the first look at what a saber-toothed cat looked like in real life, Reynolds notes, but also represents a life stage that paleontologists know less about, as most fossils are from adult animals.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html4\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Seeing a sabertooth fur real\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html5\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Lopatin and his coauthors identified the cub as a baby <i>Homotherium latidens<\/i>. The carnivore, sometimes called a scimitar-toothed cat for its shorter, serrated canine teeth compared to the \u201cdirk-toothed\u201d <i>Smilodon<\/i>, was a lanky and wide-ranging predator that was better suited to running after prey than the ambush techniques used by the famous <i>Smilodon<\/i>. Found in both <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0277379113004654\\\">Eurasia and North America<\/a>, the cat hunted juvenile mammoths and other megafauna. Fossil sites such as <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.concordia.edu\/academics\/school-of-natural-and-applied-sciences\/friesenhahn-cave\/\\\">Friesenhahn Cave<\/a> in Texas indicate that the felines sometimes made dens in caves to raise their cubs.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html6\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Without fossils that preserve soft tissue like fur, muscle, and skin, paleontologists have debated what <i>Homotherium<\/i> would have looked like. For example, illustrators have often depicted sabertooths with the tips of their canines sticking out below their muzzles, which may have been true for some species like <i>Smilodon<\/i>. But a 2022 analysis suggested that <i>Homotherium<\/i> had deep muzzles, where the cat\u2019s sabers were \u201c<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277379122001020\\\">concealed weapons<\/a>\u201d covered by the upper lip when the mouth was closed.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html7\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Even with the mummy, the question of whether <i>Homotherium<\/i> adults had covered fangs is challenging. Lopatin notes that the upper lip of the cub is more than twice as deep as that of a modern lion cub, further hinting that <i>Homotherium <\/i>had lips capable of concealing the long canine teeth that they would later grow. Reynolds cautions, however, that the cub did not have its adult teeth yet. Only a mummy of an adult <i>Homotherium<\/i> can settle that debate. The \u201csaberkitten\u201d suggests that an adult <i>Homotherium<\/i> mummy could be awaiting discovery, as well.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html8\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"In other respects, the cub\u2019s anatomy confirms what paleontologists expected from bones. \u201cThe cub had the enlarged neck muscles thought to occur in adults, and also had long, muscular forelimbs seen in adult <i>Homotherium<\/i>,\u201d says <a href=\\\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=eXeLMngAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=sra\\\">Margaret Lewis<\/a>, a paleontologist at Stockton University in New Jersey who was not involved in the new study. The juvenile\u2019s jaw was also capable of wide gapes that adult <i>Homotherium<\/i> used to bite into prey, she notes.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html9\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"The ancient cat\u2019s coloration is another longstanding question. Modern cat coat colors tend to be associated with their hunting environment. Lions, cougars, and cats that live in open, grassy habitats often have light and relatively uniform coats. Given that <i>Homotherium<\/i> prowled the chilly \u201cmammoth steppe,\u201d with few trees but lots of grasses, it seemed likely that the cat would also have a coat suited to blending into the wide open spaces.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html10\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\u201cThe uniform dark brown color of the mummy fur turned out to be completely unexpected,\u201d Lopatin says. Much like a set of <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-550X\/4\/3\/24\\\">cave lion cubs<\/a> found in the permafrost several years ago, Lopatin notes, <i>Homotherium<\/i> cubs were likely born with a darker coat color which lightened as the cats grew up.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html11\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"\u201cIt\u2019s fascinating that there doesn\u2019t seem to be any spotting or striping on the cubs,\u201d Reynolds says, as such patterns are common among modern cats, even in species that have more uniform coats as adults. Lewis notes that frozen animals often have a reddish tint, so the cub\u2019s current coat might not reflect their color in life. Genetic analyses of the fur could help clarify what colors <i>Homotherium<\/i> really wore.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html12\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"(<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/saber-tooth-cats-surprise-fossils-redraw-picture-of-big-cat\\\"><i>Here\u2019s how teeth fossils helped inform our view of sabertooths<\/i><\/a>.)\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html13\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Sabertooths vs. modern cats\"},\"type\":\"h2\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html14\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Experts will surely keep examining the cub for some time to come. It is the first example of an Ice Age mummy for a mammal species that has no modern equivalent for comparison. Sabertooths specialized in hunting mammoths and other megafauna and perished when their giant-sized prey vanished due to a combination of climate change and human activity. No living cats hunt the way they did, so the fossil\u2019s soft tissue adds a great deal of detail where paleontologists could only be guess from bones before.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html15\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"Even the cub\u2019s tiny feet are providing new insights. \u201cThe paw pads for each toe are much rounder than those of a lion,\u201d Reynolds notes, and the cub lacks a distinctive carpal pad that sits higher up on the leg in modern cats. The reason why is unclear, but investigating the contrast might help experts better discern how sabertooths differ from today\u2019s big cats.\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}},{\"id\":\"html16\",\"cntnt\":{\"mrkup\":\"<i>Homotherium<\/i> and its relatives were not just lions with long fangs, but predators that evolved in a very different world inhibited by an array of strange giants. The frozen cub offers a tangible connection to that time, when sabertooths stalked the plains.&nbsp;\"},\"type\":\"p\",\"style\":{}}],\"cid\":\"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:5361f55c-b9b7-404b-b1aa-ade0f2cac9f6\",\"cntrbGrp\":[{\"contributors\":[{\"displayName\":\"Riley Black\"}],\"title\":\"By\",\"rl\":\"Writer\"}],\"mode\":\"richtext\",\"dscrptn\":\"This remarkably well-preserved cub could help scientists answer questions about sabertooth anatomy, hunting, and even coat color.\",\"enableAds\":true,\"endbug\":true,\"isMetered\":false,\"isUserAuthed\":false,\"isTruncated\":false,\"isEntitled\":false,\"freemiumContentGatingEnabled\":true,\"premiumContentGatingEnabled\":false,\"ldMda\":{\"cmsType\":\"image\",\"hasCopyright\":true,\"id\":\"c7626699-57a1-4904-833e-432048097f35\",\"lines\":3,\"positionMetaBottom\":true,\"showMore\":true,\"caption\":\"In 2020, diggers searching for woolly mammoth tusks unearthed a sabertooth cub mummified in Siberian permafrost. 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Lopatin\",\"dsc\":\"External appearance of three-week-old heads of large felid cubs, right lateral view: Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846), specimen DMF AS RS, no. Met-20-1, frozen mummy, Russia, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Indigirka River basin, Badyarikha River; Upper Pleistocene.\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"External appearance of three-week-old heads of large felid cubs, right lateral view:&nbsp;<i>Homotherium latidens<\/i>&nbsp;(Owen, 1846), specimen DMF AS RS, no. 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Lopatin\",\"source\":\"\",\"text\":\"In 2020, diggers searching for woolly mammoth tusks unearthed a sabertooth cub mummified in Siberian permafrost. 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Despite models in museums, dramatic paleoart, and even a starring spot in the \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Ice Age\"]},\" movies, the appearance of these long-fanged predators has been a mystery. All experts have really had to go on are fossilized bones and the occasional footprint. Now a frozen cub found in the Siberian permafrost has provided the world with a glimpse of a sabertooth that roamed across the Northern Hemisphere around 32,000 years ago.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\u201cI was over-the-moon excited to see such an incredible specimen,\u201d says \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Ashley Reynolds\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/ashleyreynolds.ca\/\"}},\", a paleontologist at the Canadian Museum of Nature who was not involved in the new research. Even though mummified mammoths and other herbivores have been found in the same region of Russia, apex predators are rare compared to their prey. The discovery of a sabertooth mummy always seemed a slim chance, as prey tend to outnumber predators in the wild.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"In 2020, \u201cthe frozen, mummified carcass was found by diggers prospecting for mammoth tusks,\u201d says paleontologist A.V. Lopatin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Lopatin and his colleagues were \u201csurprised and delighted\u201d to study the specimen which \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"they described\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79546-1\",\"target\":\"_blank\"}},\" November 14 in \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Scientific Reports\"]},\".\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-1\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"The frozen cub not only provides the first look at what a saber-toothed cat looked like in real life, Reynolds notes, but also represents a life stage that paleontologists know less about, as most fossils are from adult animals.\"]},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"Seeing a sabertooth fur real\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Lopatin and his coauthors identified the cub as a baby \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Homotherium latidens\"]},\". The carnivore, sometimes called a scimitar-toothed cat for its shorter, serrated canine teeth compared to the \u201cdirk-toothed\u201d \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Smilodon\"]},\", was a lanky and wide-ranging predator that was better suited to running after prey than the ambush techniques used by the famous \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Smilodon\"]},\". Found in both \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Eurasia and North America\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0277379113004654\"}},\", the cat hunted juvenile mammoths and other megafauna. Fossil sites such as \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"Friesenhahn Cave\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.concordia.edu\/academics\/school-of-natural-and-applied-sciences\/friesenhahn-cave\/\"}},\" in Texas indicate that the felines sometimes made dens in caves to raise their cubs.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Without fossils that preserve soft tissue like fur, muscle, and skin, paleontologists have debated what \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Homotherium\"]},\" would have looked like. For example, illustrators have often depicted sabertooths with the tips of their canines sticking out below their muzzles, which may have been true for some species like \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Smilodon\"]},\". But a 2022 analysis suggested that \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Homotherium\"]},\" had deep muzzles, where the cat\u2019s sabers were \u201c\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"concealed weapons\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277379122001020\"}},\"\u201d covered by the upper lip when the mouth was closed.\",\"\u00a0\"]},{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"CommercePromo\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"standard\",\"headline\":\"LIMITED TIME OFFER\",\"descriptionRichText\":\"\",\"imageSrc\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/eb577a2a-7871-4ba3-9bb3-fee72bcd6a8c\/NGH-13203_1080x720-1_16x9.jpg\",\"imageRatio\":\"16x9\",\"actionLabel\":\"GIVE A GIFT\",\"actionHref\":\"https:\/\/nghistorysubs.nationalgeographic.com\/pubs\/NG\/NGH\/NGH_Holiday_Onsite_Gift_Aug24.jsp?cds_page_id=280478&cds_mag_code=NGH&id=1730489972865&lsid=43061439328077486&vid=1&cds_response_key=I4HC2HOL1&cmpid=int_org=ngp::int_mc=website::int_src=ngp::int_cmp=ngh_holiday24::int_add=inarticlepromostacked\",\"immersive\":false,\"colorMode\":\"light\",\"campaignName\":\"20241101_NGH_Holiday_Inarticlepromo_stacked\",\"tint\":2,\"backed\":true,\"subtitle\":\"The perfect gift for the history buff in your life. 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Can you find them?\",\"image\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5e27d8b9-084d-4d37-b03e-dabd4f4e10f7\/Minden_00446793_square.jpg\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/premium\/article\/find-that-lizard-challenge-social-media-herpetologist\",\"imageRatio\":\"1x1\",\"tags\":[{\"value\":\"SCIENCE\",\"type\":\"text\"}],\"imageSources\":[{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5e27d8b9-084d-4d37-b03e-dabd4f4e10f7\/Minden_00446793_square.jpg?w=195&h=195\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5e27d8b9-084d-4d37-b03e-dabd4f4e10f7\/Minden_00446793_square.jpg?w=390&h=390\"},\"max\":767,\"nativeWidth\":195},{\"src\":{\"x1\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5e27d8b9-084d-4d37-b03e-dabd4f4e10f7\/Minden_00446793_square.jpg?w=220&h=220\",\"x2\":\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5e27d8b9-084d-4d37-b03e-dabd4f4e10f7\/Minden_00446793_square.jpg?w=440&h=440\"},\"min\":768,\"nativeWidth\":220}],\"type\":\"floating\",\"inline\":true},{\"headline\":\"Who killed Ramesses III? 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The juvenile\u2019s jaw was also capable of wide gapes that adult \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Homotherium\"]},\" used to bite into prey, she notes.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-box\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[300,250]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[300,250]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"The ancient cat\u2019s coloration is another longstanding question. Modern cat coat colors tend to be associated with their hunting environment. Lions, cougars, and cats that live in open, grassy habitats often have light and relatively uniform coats. Given that \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Homotherium\"]},\" prowled the chilly \u201cmammoth steppe,\u201d with few trees but lots of grasses, it seemed likely that the cat would also have a coat suited to blending into the wide open spaces.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\u201cThe uniform dark brown color of the mummy fur turned out to be completely unexpected,\u201d Lopatin says. Much like a set of \",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[\"cave lion cubs\"],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-550X\/4\/3\/24\"}},\" found in the permafrost several years ago, Lopatin notes, \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Homotherium\"]},\" cubs were likely born with a darker coat color which lightened as the cats grew up.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"\u201cIt\u2019s fascinating that there doesn\u2019t seem to be any spotting or striping on the cubs,\u201d Reynolds says, as such patterns are common among modern cats, even in species that have more uniform coats as adults. Lewis notes that frozen animals often have a reddish tint, so the cub\u2019s current coat might not reflect their color in life. Genetic analyses of the fur could help clarify what colors \",{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Homotherium\"]},\" really wore.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"(\",{\"type\":\"a\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Here\u2019s how teeth fossils helped inform our view of sabertooths\"]}],\"attrs\":{\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/saber-tooth-cats-surprise-fossils-redraw-picture-of-big-cat\"}},\".)\"]},{\"type\":\"h2\",\"content\":[\"Sabertooths vs. modern cats\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Experts will surely keep examining the cub for some time to come. It is the first example of an Ice Age mummy for a mammal species that has no modern equivalent for comparison. Sabertooths specialized in hunting mammoths and other megafauna and perished when their giant-sized prey vanished due to a combination of climate change and human activity. No living cats hunt the way they did, so the fossil\u2019s soft tissue adds a great deal of detail where paleontologists could only be guess from bones before.\"]}],{\"type\":\"inline\",\"content\":{\"name\":\"Ad\",\"props\":{\"ad\":{\"kvps\":{\"pos\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream-2\"},\"type\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\",\"className\":\"fitt-article-inline-outstream\"},\"className\":\"natgeo-ad\",\"placeholders\":{\"compact\":{\"size\":[320,50]},\"regular\":{\"size\":[728,90]}},\"initSelf\":true},\"context\":{},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"}}},[{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[\"Even the cub\u2019s tiny feet are providing new insights. \u201cThe paw pads for each toe are much rounder than those of a lion,\u201d Reynolds notes, and the cub lacks a distinctive carpal pad that sits higher up on the leg in modern cats. The reason why is unclear, but investigating the contrast might help experts better discern how sabertooths differ from today\u2019s big cats.\"]},{\"type\":\"p\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"i\",\"content\":[\"Homotherium\"]},\" and its relatives were not just lions with long fangs, but predators that evolved in a very different world inhibited by an array of strange giants. The frozen cub offers a tangible connection to that time, when sabertooths stalked the plains.\",\"\u00a0\"]}]],\"blockquote\":{\"disableQuotationMark\":true,\"simple\":true},\"dateline\":null,\"datelineSeparator\":\"\u2014\",\"wordCount\":987,\"className\":\"PrismArticleBody SingleColumn\"},\"config\":{\"gridDisplayMode\":\"none\"},\"usesArticleObject\":true}],\"endComponents\":[{\"name\":\"RelatedTags\",\"props\":{\"heading\":\"Related Topics\",\"tags\":[{\"label\":\"PALEONTOLOGY\",\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/related\/7b1f3e27-07ef-357a-b6ef-30b8d270dc0e\/paleontology\"},{\"label\":\"BIG CATS\",\"href\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/related\/364bcaeb-2bdd-3e32-b253-507a41d1cc56\/big-cats\"},{\"label\":\"ICE 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How did people 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Mombo, Okavango Delta, Botswana.\",\"rchDsc\":{\"markup\":\"A leopard, Panthera pardus, in tall grasses at twilight.Mombo, Okavango Delta, Botswana.\"},\"rchTtl\":{\"markup\":\"\"}},\"sections\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"id\":\"fa010584-7bbf-3e92-90f9-586bb27fce94\",\"type\":\"sources\",\"uri\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\"}],\"headline\":\"Leopards are facing growing challenges. Can they endure?\",\"link\":\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/article\/state-of-leopards-challenges-survival-extinction\"},{\"description\":\"The mummified remains of the Ice Maiden of Ampato\u2014a child sacrifice victim\u2014were stunningly preserved. 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