{"id":128995,"date":"2024-11-23T01:48:08","date_gmt":"2024-11-22T18:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=128995"},"modified":"2024-11-23T01:48:08","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T18:48:08","slug":"in-the-quantum-world-even-points-of-view-are-uncertain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=128995","title":{"rendered":"In the Quantum World, Even Points of View Are Uncertain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>To see how, consider two reference frames; we\u2019ll label them A and B. Let\u2019s say that A\u2019s origin is anchored to a quantum object that has probabilities of being found in various locations. From the perspective of B, A\u2019s location is smeared over some region. But from the perspective of A, the distance to B is smeared out. It appears as though B is the one in a superposition.<\/p>\n<p>It gets better. What if B is also anchored to a quantum object that\u2019s in a superposition of two locations? Then A\u2019s quantum state is now smeared out in two different ways, depending on the possible locations of B. Because determining B\u2019s quantum state determines A\u2019s state, A and B are now entangled.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"post__aside mb2 relative post__aside--right\">\n<figure class=\"mb2 mt1 image--shortcode s:mt-0\">\n<div class=\"relative image mx0\">\n        <img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2300\" height=\"2300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.webp\" class=\"block fit-x fill-h fill-v is-loaded mxa large-print-img\" alt=\"Portrait of a man with brown hair who studies quantum reference frames.\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.webp 2300w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2-1720x1720.webp 1720w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2-520x520.webp 520w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2-2048x2048.webp 2048w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2-160x160.webp 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2300px) 100vw, 2300px\"\/>    <\/div><figcaption class=\"image__meta mt1\">\n<div class=\"caption wysiwyg h5 theme__anchors--solid fill-h post__aside__caption post__aside__caption--shortcode\">\n<p>Renato Renner, a physicist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, thinks careful consideration of quantum reference frames will resolve paradoxes in our understanding of the quantum world.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/aside>\n<p>In the above example, two quintessential properties of quantum systems \u2014\u00a0 superposition and entanglement\u00a0 \u2014 turn out to depend on the frame of reference. \u201cThe main message is that a lot of the properties that we think are very important, and in a way absolute, are relational\u201d or relative, said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iqoqi-vienna.at\/people\/staff\/anne-catherine-de-la-hamette\">Anne-Catherine de la Hamette<\/a>, a co-author of the recent paper.<\/p>\n<p>Even the order of events succumbs to the rigors of quantum reference frames. For example, from one reference frame, we might observe the click of a detector happening at a certain time. But from a different reference frame, the click might end up in a superposition of happening before and after some other event. Whether you observe the click as happening at some particular time or as being in a superposition of different orders of events depends on the choice of reference frame.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Steppingstone to Gravity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Researchers hope to use these shifting quantum perspectives to make sense of the puzzling nature of gravity. Einstein\u2019s general relativity, which is a classical theory of gravity, says that gravity is the warping of the fabric of space-time by a massive object. But how will space-time warp if the object itself is in a superposition of two locations? \u201cThat\u2019s very hard to answer with usual quantum physics and gravity,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iqoqi-vienna.at\/people\/staff\/viktoria-sophia-kabel\">Viktoria Kabel<\/a>, a researcher in Brukner\u2019s group and a co-author of the new paper.<\/p>\n<p>Switch to a reference frame whose origin is in a superposition, though, and the massive object can end up in a definite location. It now becomes possible to calculate its gravitational field. \u201cBy finding a convenient quantum reference frame, we can take a problem that we cannot solve [and make it] a problem that we can just use standard known physics for,\u201d Kabel said.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"post__aside mb2 relative post__aside--right post__aside--medium hide-on-print\">\n<\/aside>\n<p>Such perspective changes ought to be useful for analyzing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/physicists-find-a-way-to-see-the-grin-of-quantum-gravity-20180306\/\">future experiments<\/a> that aim to put extremely small masses in superpositions. For example, the physicists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk\/person\/chiara-marletto\/\">Chiara Marletto<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.physics.ox.ac.uk\/our-people\/vedral\">Vlatko Vedral<\/a> of the University of Oxford have <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.240402\">proposed<\/a> putting two masses each in a superposition of two locations and then studying how this affects their gravitational fields. The burgeoning attempts to formally describe quantum reference frames could help make sense of these investigations of the interaction between gravity and quantum theory \u2014 an essential steppingstone to a theory of quantum gravity.<\/p>\n<p>Renner thinks quantum reference frames may also be central to elucidating the foundations of quantum physics. A few years ago, he and his colleague Daniela Frauchiger <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/frauchiger-renner-paradox-clarifies-where-our-views-of-reality-go-wrong-20181203\/\">designed a quantum thought experiment<\/a> that creates a logical contradiction. The resulting paradox seems to imply that physicists must give up at least one of many well-accepted notions about our world \u2014 say, that quantum theory is universal and applies to human beings as well as atoms.<\/p>\n<p>Renner, however, now suspects that the paradox arises simply because physicists haven\u2019t carefully accounted for reference frames. No one has yet figured out how to rewrite this or other thought experiments using quantum reference frames, but doing so \u201cis very likely to lead us to the solution of the paradoxes,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not going to be easy, because quantum reference frames come with plenty of unsolved problems. For example, with classical reference frames, if you change your point of view from one frame to another, this transformation is reversible: you can revert to your original point of view. It\u2019s not clear that this is currently universally possible with quantum reference frames.<\/p>\n<p>Also, at this point, there\u2019s no standard way of defining and translating between quantum reference frames. Different groups of physicists have different approaches. \u201cThey all look reasonable [at] first sight, but they are not equivalent to each other,\u201d Renner said.<\/p>\n<p>Eventually, though, quantum reference frames might prove essential to making sense of the quantum world.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/in-the-quantum-world-even-points-of-view-are-uncertain-20241122\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To see how, consider two reference frames; we\u2019ll label them A and B. Let\u2019s say that A\u2019s origin is anchored to a quantum object that has probabilities of being found &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=128995\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-128995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128995","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=128995"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128995\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=128995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=128995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=128995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}