{"id":132510,"date":"2024-12-02T14:43:22","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T07:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=132510"},"modified":"2024-12-02T14:43:22","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T07:43:22","slug":"just-before-the-big-bang-a-freeze-in-event-produced-dark-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=132510","title":{"rendered":"Just before the Big Bang, a \u2018freeze-in\u2019 event produced dark matter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-article-body=\"true\">\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">Researchers from the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) have proposed a new model to explain the origin of dark matter. It suggests that dark matter originated during the infinitesimally short span before the Big Bang when the Universe suddenly expanded to a large extent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">In 1981, physicist Alan Guth proposed the theory of cosmic inflation. It suggests that during the earliest moments of the universe, it expanded 10<sup>26<\/sup> times within 10<sup>-36<\/sup> seconds. The universe continues to spread even after the inflation but not at such an unprecedented rate.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/science\/understanding-cosmic-inflation-and-the-birth-of-the-universe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:Cosmic inflation;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">Cosmic inflation<\/a> was an important event because it eliminated all the irregularities in the structure of the universe. This is why despite so much vastness and continuous expansion, the <a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/innovation\/trapping-the-unseen-a-new-method-to-discover-dark-matter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:universe;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">universe<\/a> appears uniform and homogenous.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">In their new study, the researchers propose that inflation also played a role in the formation of dark matter through the freeze-in scenario.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">&#8220;The thing that&#8217;s unique to our model is that dark matter is successfully produced during inflation. In most (other) models, anything that is created during inflation is then &#8216;inflated away&#8217; by the exponential expansion of the universe, to the point where there is essentially nothing left,&#8221; Katherine Freese, lead researcher and professor of physics at UT Austin, <a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2024-11-cosmological-dark-production-pre-big.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:said;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">said<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg font-bold\">Did dark matter freeze out or freeze in?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">According to the study authors, dark matter likely originated from the thermal bath during warm inflation. Thermal bath refers to the particles (like radiation and matter) that interact with each other while maintaining a certain temperature during the formation of the universe.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">This thermal energy was sustained by the inflaton field (the field driving inflation) through its interactions, ensuring a warm environment during inflation (this is why referred to as warm inflation). However, there are two different possibilities for the birth of <a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/innovation\/trapping-the-unseen-a-new-method-to-discover-dark-matter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:dark matter;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">dark matter<\/a> from the thermal bath.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">For instance, it is possible that in the early universe, dark matter particles were in thermal equilibrium with regular matter. As the universe expanded and cooled, these particles froze out\u2014-meaning they stopped interacting with regular matter, and their density became fixed. This is called the freeze-out scenario.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">The researchers ruled out this possibility because, in a dynamic environment surrounded by intense events such as inflation and <a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/science\/big-bang-theory-cosmological-model\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:the Big Bang;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">the Big Bang<\/a>, thermal equilibrium would likely have been disrupted. This makes it unlikely that dark matter particles remained in equilibrium long enough for freeze-out to occur.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">Another possibility called the freeze-in, implies that dark matter particles were never in thermal equilibrium. Instead, they were produced as a result of rare high-energy interactions like those involving UV radiation in the early universe.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">The researchers suggest that during warm inflation, the quantum field that triggered the inflation lost a chunk of its energy to UV radiation, and this interaction caused the production of dark matter particles that eventually \u201cfroze in\u201d as the universe cooled.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">\u201cWe demonstrated that in a warm inflation setting the persistent thermal bath can source a sizable dark matter abundance via the nonrenormalizable interaction characteristic of UV freeze-in,\u201d the study authors <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.211001#s4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:note;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">note<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg font-bold\">But it was all pre-Big Bang<\/h3>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">You may have not noticed but there is a twist in the version of freeze-in that the UT Austin team proposed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">While many scientists believe inflation and freeze-in happened after the Big Bang, according to the proposed warm inflation via ultraviolet freeze-in (WIFI) model \u2014- <a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/science\/the-great-mysteries-of-dark-matter-and-dark-energy\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:dark matter production;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">dark matter production<\/a> occurred before the Big Bang in the short time when the universe exponentially expanded due to cosmic inflation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">This new perspective on cosmic inflation could influence many existing theories that explain the <a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/lists\/7-facts-history-of-the-universe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:origin of our universe;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">origin of our universe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">Moreover, \u201cWIFI suggests a broader applicability such as the production of other particles that could play a crucial role in the early universe&#8217;s evolution. This highlights new opportunities for exploration in future research,&#8221; Barmak Shams, one of the study authors, said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">However, the current findings still represent a theory. The study authors are required to validate their WIFI model through observations which could take many years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"col-body mb-4 text-lg md:leading-8 break-words min-w-0\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.211001#s4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" data-ylk=\"slk:study;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" class=\"link \">study<\/a> is published in the journal <em>Physical Review Letters<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/just-big-bang-freeze-event-144954536.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers from the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) have proposed a new model to explain the origin of dark matter. It suggests that dark matter originated during the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=132510\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-132510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=132510"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132510\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=132510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=132510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=132510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}