{"id":133730,"date":"2024-12-05T22:06:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T15:06:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=133730"},"modified":"2024-12-05T22:06:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T15:06:50","slug":"stone-tool-discovery-challenges-entire-theory-of-human-evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=133730","title":{"rendered":"Stone tool discovery challenges entire theory of human evolution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Imagine our early human ancestors standing in the ancient landscapes of southern Jordan, thoughtfully examining rocks before deciding which ones to use for their tools. <\/p>\n<p>It turns out they weren\u2019t just grabbing any stone that was easy to break; they had specific preferences and technical skills in choosing the right material.<\/p>\n<p>Archaeologists Eiki Suga and Seiji Kadowaki have been exploring this fascinating aspect of early human behavior. <\/p>\n<p>They\u2019re from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.nagoya-u.ac.jp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nagoya University<\/a> in Japan, and their recent research offers new insights into how Paleolithic humans selected rocks for tool-making.<\/p>\n<p>Their study, published in the <em>Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology<\/em>, focuses on prehistoric sites dating from 70,000 to 30,000 years ago.<\/p>\n<p>These sites are in the Jebel Qalkha area of southern Jordan, a crucial region as Homo sapiens expanded from Africa into Eurasia.<\/p>\n<p>As early humans moved into new territories, they relied on stone tools made from materials like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/sophisticated-tools-ancestors-found\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">obsidian and flint<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>Understanding how they crafted these tools helps archaeologists piece together aspects of their culture and daily life.<\/p>\n<p>Suga and Kadowaki analyzed flint nodules from outcrops that ancient people used during the Middle and Upper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/ice-age-art-discovery-reveals-15800-year-old-fishing-secrets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Paleolithic periods<\/a>. <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124637\/stone-tool-discovery_fine-grained-flint_middle-grained-flint_credit-Maruyama_1m.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124645\/stone-tool-discovery_fine-grained-flint_middle-grained-flint_credit-Maruyama_1s.webp\" alt=\"An archaeologist, Eiki Suga, showing fine-grained flint (left) and middle-grained flint (right). Credit: Megumi Maruyama\" class=\"wp-image-1952311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124645\/stone-tool-discovery_fine-grained-flint_middle-grained-flint_credit-Maruyama_1s.webp 300w, https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124645\/stone-tool-discovery_fine-grained-flint_middle-grained-flint_credit-Maruyama_1s-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124645\/stone-tool-discovery_fine-grained-flint_middle-grained-flint_credit-Maruyama_1s-32x32.webp 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An archaeologist, Eiki Suga, showing fine-grained flint (left) and middle-grained flint (right). Credit: Megumi Maruyama<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>They wanted to see if early humans were intentionally selecting certain types of flint based on its properties.<\/p>\n<p>They hypothesized that these humans looked for flint that was translucent and smooth because it could be easily shaped into sharp edges. This suggests a level of sophistication in recognizing the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/stone-age-humans-used-tools-to-make-timber-for-woodworking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">best materials<\/a> for specific tools.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-testing-the-rocks-qualities\">Testing the rocks\u2019 qualities<\/h2>\n<p>To investigate, the team used two devices: a Schmidt Hammer and a Rockwell Hardness Device. <\/p>\n<p>The Schmidt Hammer measures the strength of concrete or rock. The hammer hits the surface with a defined amount of energy, and the rebound is measured.\u00a0That value is then used to determine the strength of the material.<\/p>\n<p>The Rockwell device presses a diamond point into the rock to test its strength. It then calculates the material\u2019s hardness based on the depth of the indentation left behind.<\/p>\n<p>Initially, as expected, they found that fine-grained flint required less force to fracture than medium-grained flint. <\/p>\n<p>This made it more attractive for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/prehistoric-homo-sapiens-stone-tools-preserved-volcanic-ash-grotta-di-castelcivita\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">producing smaller tools<\/a>. In fact, many stone tools from the Early Upper Paleolithic period, around 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, were made from fine-grained flint.<\/p>\n<p>But here\u2019s where it gets interesting. <\/p>\n<p>An earlier study by the same team revealed that during the Late Middle Paleolithic and the Initial Upper Paleolithic periods, from 70,000 to 40,000 years ago, medium-grained flint was more commonly used for tools. <\/p>\n<p>So, if fine-grained flint was easier to work with, why did our ancestors sometimes opt for the tougher medium-grained variety?<\/p>\n<p>Digging deeper, the researchers discovered that much of the fine-grained flint in the area had internal fractures caused by geological activities. <\/p>\n<p>These fractures made the flint unsuitable for larger tools, like Levallois products and robust blades.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, even though medium-grained flint was harder to modify, it was more durable for making larger tools. <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124622\/stone-tool-discovery_ancient-human-evolution_credit-Matsuhita_1m.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124629\/stone-tool-discovery_ancient-human-evolution_credit-Matsuhita_1s.webp\" alt=\"Investigation of mechanical properties of rocks suggested that paleolithic humans changed their choice of raw material to suit their stone tool morphologies and production techniques. Credit: Eiki Suga, Reiko Matsushita\" class=\"wp-image-1952309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124629\/stone-tool-discovery_ancient-human-evolution_credit-Matsuhita_1s.webp 300w, https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124629\/stone-tool-discovery_ancient-human-evolution_credit-Matsuhita_1s-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/cff2.earth.com\/uploads\/2024\/12\/03124629\/stone-tool-discovery_ancient-human-evolution_credit-Matsuhita_1s-32x32.webp 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Investigation of mechanical properties of rocks suggested that paleolithic humans changed their choice of raw material to suit their stone tool morphologies and production techniques. Credit: Eiki Suga, Reiko Matsushita<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>This indicates that Paleolithic humans made deliberate choices based on the intended use of the tool, balancing ease of crafting with durability.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis study illustrates that the Paleolithic humans changed their choice of raw material to suit their stone tool morphologies and production techniques,\u201d Suga explained. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe believe that these prehistoric humans had a sensory understanding of the characteristics of the rocks and intentionally selected the stone material to be used according to the form and production technique of the desired stone tools.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-much-smarter-than-we-thought-back-then\">Much smarter than we thought back then<\/h2>\n<p>This research offers a window into the thoughtful decision-making of our ancestors. <\/p>\n<p>They weren\u2019t just using what was readily available; they were assessing the qualities of different materials and selecting the best one for the job.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis intentional selection of the lithic raw material may have been an important component of the production of stone tools,\u201d Suga said. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis may show some aspect of flexible technological behavior adapted to the situation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Their ability to adapt and make these choices reflects a level of technological and cognitive sophistication that adds depth to our understanding of human evolution.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-does-any-of-this-matter\">Why does any of this matter?<\/h2>\n<p>There are still many questions about how and why Homo sapiens expanded their reach between 50,000 and 40,000 years ago. <\/p>\n<p>While ancient DNA has shown that modern humans interacted and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/neanderthals-and-humans-lived-side-by-side-45000-years-ago\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">interbred with Neanderthals<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/mysterious-denisovan-species-humans-lived-undisturbed-tibetan-plateau-160000-years\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Denisovans<\/a>, it doesn\u2019t tell us the whole story.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf we want to know what happened that allowed Homo sapiens to thrive, we need to study cultural remains, such as stone tools, excavated from archaeological sites,\u201d Suga pointed out. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis kind of resource use is an important record for elucidating the evolution of human technological behavior, environmental adaptation, and the process of population growth at that time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>By examining these tools and the materials chosen to make them, researchers can piece together how early humans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/how-neanderthals-mastered-adhesive-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">adapted to their environments<\/a> and what strategies they used to survive and flourish.<\/p>\n<p>To sum it all up, this study emphasizes the importance of archaeology in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/how-many-humans-have-lived-walked-died-on-earth-complex-question\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">understanding human history<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>The choices made by Paleolithic humans in selecting their materials reveal a level of ingenuity and adaptability that has been a hallmark of our species.<\/p>\n<p>As we continue to explore and discover more about our ancestors, each finding adds a new piece to the puzzle of human evolution. <\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s a reminder of the complex journey that has led us to where we are today and the innate curiosity and problem-solving skills that have always been part of human nature.<\/p>\n<p>The full study was published in the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41982-023-00164-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n<p>Like what you read? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/subscribe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Subscribe to our newsletter<\/a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.<\/p>\n<p>Check us out on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/earthsnap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EarthSnap<\/a>, a free app brought to you by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/author\/eralls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eric Ralls<\/a> and Earth.com.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>self.__next_f.push([1,\"d:[\\\"$\\\",\\\"html\\\",null,{\\\"lang\\\":\\\"en\\\",\\\"children\\\":[[\\\"$\\\",\\\"head\\\",null,{\\\"children\\\":[[\\\"$\\\",\\\"script\\\",null,{\\\"src\\\":\\\"https:\/\/cdn.onesignal.com\/sdks\/web\/v16\/OneSignalSDK.page.js\\\",\\\"defer\\\":true}],[\\\"$\\\",\\\"script\\\",null,{\\\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\\\":{\\\"__html\\\":\\\"\\\\n              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