{"id":133930,"date":"2024-12-06T10:19:05","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T03:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=133930"},"modified":"2024-12-06T10:19:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T03:19:05","slug":"parallel-pathway-to-long-term-memory-discovered","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=133930","title":{"rendered":"Parallel Pathway to Long-Term Memory Discovered"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Summary: <\/strong>New research reveals that long-term memory can form independently of short-term memory, challenging long-standing theories of memory formation. Scientists discovered this through experiments on mice, where blocking short-term memory didn\u2019t prevent the creation of long-term memories.<\/p>\n<p>This groundbreaking finding suggests a parallel pathway in the brain for forming long-term memories, offering hope for conditions like cognitive decline. Researchers are now delving deeper into this process, aiming to uncover mechanisms that could enhance long-term memory retention despite short-term memory disruptions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Blocking short-term memory formation did not prevent long-term memory in mice.<\/li>\n<li>The brain appears to have a parallel pathway for forming long-term memories.<\/li>\n<li>This discovery could lead to new strategies for addressing memory-related conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong>Max Planck Florida<\/p>\n<p><strong>Researchers from Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience have discovered a new pathway to forming long-term memories in the brain. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Their work suggests that long-term memory can form independently of short-term memory, a finding that opens exciting possibilities for understanding memory-related conditions.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-106783\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence.jpg.webp 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-150x100.jpg.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence.jpg\" alt=\"This shows neurons.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-293x195.jpg 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/long-short-term-memory-neurosicence-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/> <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The research team focused on a specific enzyme in neurons called CaMKII, which is critical for short-term memory formation. Credit: Neuroscience News<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>A New Perspective on Memory Formation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Our brain works diligently to record our experiences into memories, creating representations of our daily events that stay with us for short time periods. Current scientific theories of memory formation suggest that short-term memories are stored in what we can imagine as a temporary art exhibition in our brain before being cleared out for representations of new experiences.<\/p>\n<p>A tiny fraction of these short-term memories \u2013 those most relevant to us \u2013 are moved to a more permanent exhibit, our long-term memory, where they are stored for days, years, or decades.<\/p>\n<p>The most prevalent theories suggest this is a linear process. Our experience is encoded into a short-term memory, which is then consolidated into a long-term memory. However, a new study by Dr. Myung Eun Shin, Dr. Paula Parra-Beuno, and MPFI Scientific Director Dr. Ryohei Yasuda suggests that there may be another way to long-term memory formation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis discovery is akin to finding a secret pathway to a permanent gallery in the brain,\u201d said Dr. Shin, the study\u2019s lead author.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe prevailing theory suggested a single pathway, where short-term memories were consolidated into long-term memories. However, we now have strong evidence of at least two distinct pathways to memory formation\u2014one dedicated to short-term memories and another to long-term memories. This could mean our brains are more resilient than previously thought.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Key Finding: Disrupting short-term memory formation did not block long-term memory<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The research team focused on a specific enzyme in neurons called CaMKII, which is critical for short-term memory formation. Previously, they developed an optogenetic approach that uses light to temporarily deactivate CaMKII. With this tool in hand, the team set out to use light to block short-term memory formation in a mouse.<\/p>\n<p>Mice prefer dark spaces and, when given a choice, will immediately enter a dark space from a brightly lit one. However, if a mouse is frightened in a particular dark space, the memory of the frightening experience will alter its behavior, and the mouse will avoid entering the dark space again.<\/p>\n<p>When the research team used their tool to disrupt memory formation, even those mice that had a frightening experience an hour earlier entered the dark space, suggesting they had no memory of the experience. The scientists had successfully blocked short-term memory formation.<\/p>\n<p>What happened next was surprising to the research team. A day, week, or even a month later, these\u00a0mice were altering their behavior to avoid where they were previously frightened.<\/p>\n<p>Mice that didn\u2019t seem to remember the frightening experience an hour after it occurred, showed clear evidence of remembering at later times. In other words, blocking short-term memory of the event did not disrupt long-term memory.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe were initially quite surprised by this observation, as it was inconsistent with how we thought memories were formed. We didn\u2019t think it was possible to have a long-term memory of an event without a short-term memory.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHowever, when we repeated these experiments and used multiple tools and approaches to verify our findings, we were convinced,\u201d describes Dr. Shin.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRather than long-term memory formation being a linear process, that requires short-term memory, a parallel pathway to long-term memory formation that bypasses short-term memory must exist.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Implications for Memory Dysfunction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This study has changed the model of how memories are formed in the brain. Significant scientific advances often come after previous models of understanding are overturned, and the team is excited to see where this line of research will take them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis new finding has revised our understanding. We are now investigating how this newly discovered pathway to long-term memory formation occurs. We are excited to see what we can learn and what this could mean for preserving long-term memory retention, even when short-term memory is compromised by aging or cognitive impairment,\u201d says Dr. Yasuda.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About this memory and neuroscience research news<\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Author: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/cdn-cgi\/l\/email-protection#81ede4f2ede4f8afe2eeede6e0efc1ecf1e7e8afeef3e6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lesley Colgan<\/a><br \/><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mpfi.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Max Planck Florida<\/a><br \/><strong>Contact: <\/strong>Lesley Colgan \u2013 Max Planck Florida<br \/><strong>Image:<\/strong> The image is credited to Neuroscience News<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Original Research: <\/strong>Closed access.<br \/>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-024-01831-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Formation of long-term memory without short-term memory revealed by CaMKII inhibition<\/a>\u201d by Myung Eun Shin et al. <em>Nature Neuroscience<\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Formation of long-term memory without short-term memory revealed by CaMKII inhibition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Long-term memory (LTM) consolidation is thought to require the prior establishment of short-term memory (STM).<\/p>\n<p>Here we show that optogenetic or genetic CaMKII inhibition impairs STM for an inhibitory avoidance task at 1\u2009h but not LTM at 1 day in mice.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, cortico-amygdala synaptic potentiation was more sensitive to CaMKII inhibition at 1\u2009h than at 1 day after training.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, LTM does not require the formation of STM, and CaMKII-dependent plasticity specifically regulates STM for avoidance memory.<\/p>\n<p> <!-- Form created by Optin Forms plugin by WPKube: create beautiful optin forms with ease! --> <!-- https:\/\/wpkube.com\/ --><!--optinforms-form5-container--> <!-- \/ Optin Forms --> <\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/parallel-pathway-long-term-memory-28188\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary: New research reveals that long-term memory can form independently of short-term memory, challenging long-standing theories of memory formation. Scientists discovered this through experiments on mice, where blocking short-term memory &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=133930\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-133930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=133930"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133930\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=133930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=133930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=133930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}