{"id":136377,"date":"2024-12-13T01:03:16","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T18:03:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=136377"},"modified":"2024-12-13T01:03:16","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T18:03:16","slug":"its-critical-dont-pile-up-your-fissionable-material","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=136377","title":{"rendered":"It\u2019s Critical: Don\u2019t Pile Up Your Fissionable Material"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div itemprop=\"articleBody\">\n<p>Nuclear fission is a powerful phenomenon. When the conditions are right, atomic nuclei split, releasing neutrons that then split other nuclei in an ongoing chain reaction that releases enormous amounts of energy. This is how nuclear weapons work. In a more stable and controlled fashion, it\u2019s how our nuclear reactors work too.<\/p>\n<p>However, these chain reactions can also happen accidentally\u2014with terrifying results. Though rare, criticality incidents \u2013 events where an accidental self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction occurs \u2013 serve as sobering reminders of the immense and unwieldy forces we attempt to harness when playing with nuclear materials.<\/p>\n<h2>Too Much Already<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_735785\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-735785\" style=\"width: 196px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Critical_mass.svg_.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"735785\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2024\/12\/12\/its-critical-dont-pile-up-your-fissionable-material\/critical_mass-svg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Critical_mass.svg_.png\" data-orig-size=\"441,899\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Critical_mass.svg\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Credit: Wikimedia Commons&lt;\/p&gt;&#10;\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Critical_mass.svg_.png?w=196\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Critical_mass.svg_.png?w=307\" class=\"wp-image-735785 size-medium\" alt=\"\" width=\"196\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Critical_mass.svg_.png 441w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Critical_mass.svg_.png?resize=123,250 123w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Critical_mass.svg_.png?resize=196,400 196w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Critical_mass.svg_.png?resize=307,625 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-735785\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Criticality in a large mass and with a neutron reflector. Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Critical_mass.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons, public domain<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A criticality incident is when a nuclear fission chain reaction is caused by accident. The cause is usually quite simple. When it comes to fissionable material, like radioactive isotopes of uranium, there is a certain critical mass at which a chain reaction will occur. At this point, the natural radioactive decay of the material will release enough neutrons such that one might strike and split another atom. This then releases further neutrons, which split more atoms, and the chain reaction continues.<\/p>\n<p>Calling it critical mass is a simplified way of saying it. More realistically, the critical mass depends on more factors\u2014the shape of the radioactive material plays a role, too. As does the presence of any neutron reflectors that could bounce neutrons back towards more atoms to split.<\/p>\n<p>Long story short, if you put too much fissionable material in one place, you\u2019re asking for trouble. If it gets to that critical point and the chain reaction starts, it\u2019s going to release a ton of radiation in a split second.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_735783\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-735783\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sphere.webp\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"735783\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2024\/12\/12\/its-critical-dont-pile-up-your-fissionable-material\/sphere-7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sphere.webp\" data-orig-size=\"800,640\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sphere\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The Slotin experiment is one of the most well-known criticality incidents.&lt;\/p&gt;&#10;\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sphere.webp?w=400\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sphere.webp?w=781\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-735783\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sphere.webp 800w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sphere.webp?resize=250,200 250w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sphere.webp?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sphere.webp?resize=781,625 781w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-735783\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>The Slotin experiment is one of the most well-known criticality incidents. Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The most famous example of a criticality incident occurred when Louis Slotin was working with the Demon Core\u00a0 at Los Alamos back in 1946. The story has been told many a time, including <a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2023\/08\/15\/screwdrivers-and-nuclear-safety-the-demon-core\/\">on these hallowed pages.<\/a> Start there if you\u2019re curious, before we look at some more recent disasters.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>America\u2019s nuclear program hasn\u2019t just had one awkward mistake like this. It\u2019s had a few. One of the most serious criticality accidents in history occurred on December 30, 1958, once again at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Chemical operator Cecil Kelley was processing plutonium-containing liquids in a large mixing tank as per his regular duties.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_735787\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-735787\" style=\"width: 302px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KelleyCriticalityVessel1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"735787\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2024\/12\/12\/its-critical-dont-pile-up-your-fissionable-material\/kelleycriticalityvessel1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KelleyCriticalityVessel1.png\" data-orig-size=\"621,822\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"KelleyCriticalityVessel1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The tank which Kelley was operating was filled with a concentration of uranium 200 times higher than expected.&lt;\/p&gt;&#10;\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KelleyCriticalityVessel1.png?w=302\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KelleyCriticalityVessel1.png?w=472\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-735787\" alt=\"\" width=\"302\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KelleyCriticalityVessel1.png 621w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KelleyCriticalityVessel1.png?resize=189,250 189w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KelleyCriticalityVessel1.png?resize=302,400 302w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KelleyCriticalityVessel1.png?resize=472,625 472w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-735787\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>The mixing tank which Kelley was operating was filled with a concentration of uranium 200 times higher than expected. Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The tank was used for recovering and reusing plutonium solutions from various experiments, and was expected at that time to contain\u00a0 less than 0.1 grams of plutonium per liter of solution.\u00a0 Unbeknownst to Kelley, the tank actually held a far greater quantity of plutonium\u2014over 3 kilograms\u2014due to improper transfers of waste materials to the tank. The fluid in the tank wasn\u2019t homogenous, either\u2014there was a denser layer of aqueous solution at the bottom, topped with a lighter layer of organic solution which contained more of the plutonium.<\/p>\n<p>The tank was already close to a critical state at rest. When Kelley switched on the mixer inside, the blades formed a vortex, pushing the dense aqueous layer of fluid outwards. In turn, the more plutonium-rich organic fluid was drawn to the center of the vessel, where it promptly went critical.<\/p>\n<p>As Kelley stood on a ladder viewing the mixing tank, there was a sudden bright flash of blue light. A huge surge of neutron and gamma radiation flooded the room, delivering Kelley a lethal dose in a split second. <a href=\"https:\/\/permalink.lanl.gov\/object\/tr?what=info:lanl-repo\/lareport\/LA-UR-95-4005-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">His death was harrowing,<\/a> and he passed away just 35 hours after the accident. While investigations were undertaken into the matter, there has never been a public explanation for how the excessively high concentration of plutonium ended up in the tank.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_735788\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-735788\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Plutonium_Vortex.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"735788\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2024\/12\/12\/its-critical-dont-pile-up-your-fissionable-material\/plutonium_vortex\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Plutonium_Vortex.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1431,1085\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Plutonium_Vortex\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Plutonium_Vortex.jpg?w=400\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Plutonium_Vortex.jpg?w=800\" class=\"wp-image-735788 size-medium\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Plutonium_Vortex.jpg 1431w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Plutonium_Vortex.jpg?resize=250,190 250w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Plutonium_Vortex.jpg?resize=400,303 400w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Plutonium_Vortex.jpg?resize=800,607 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-735788\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>When the mixer was turned on, the plutonium-rich layer of solution was brought closely together to the point where a criticality incident occurred. Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cecil_Kelley_criticality_accident#\/media\/File:Plutonium_Vortex.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KDS4444<\/a>, CC BY 3.0<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Fast forward to 1999, when carelessness caused a similar incident <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrc.gov\/reading-rm\/doc-collections\/commission\/secys\/2000\/secy2000-0085\/attachment1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Tokaimura, Japan<\/a>. At a uranium processing facility, technicians were tasked with preparing a batch of fuel. Official regulations mandated that a uranyl nitrate solution be stored in a buffer tank, and added to a precipitation tank in controlled increments. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190819091553\/https:\/\/sciencecases.lib.buffalo.edu\/cs\/files\/tokaimura.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as per a company operations manual<\/a> that was unapproved by regulators, technicians were mixing chemicals in stainless steel buckets instead, rather than using the buffer tank that was designed to prevent criticality incidents. The crew were pouring the liquid directly into the precipitation tank, which had a cylindrical geometry that was favorable for inducing criticality.<\/p>\n<p>The tank soon ended up with over 16 kg of uranium inside, well over the 2.4 kg limit set by regulators. As the seventh bucket was added, the tank went critical with a bright blue flash.\u00a0Radiation alarms wailed as neutron levels shot up to 15,000 times normal. Three technicians received extreme radiation doses with severe ill effects; two of the three later died. The facility was irradiated, with residents in surrounding areas having to evacuate in the immediate aftermath.<\/p>\n<p>Much like the Los Alamos event, the cause of the problem was simple. The technicians simply combined too much fissile material in one place.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Criticality the dangers of critical masse (1969)\" width=\"1170\" height=\"878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r3fWhW_NsMs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>CRITICALITY (1969) is a British documentary on the danger of criticality incidents, and how to avoid them. If you work with nuclear materials, you\u2019ve ideally been educated with something more up-to-date. Still, the basic physics was well-understood back then, and the lessons here largely ring true today.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_735782\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-735782\" style=\"width: 302px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"735782\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2024\/12\/12\/its-critical-dont-pile-up-your-fissionable-material\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093.webp\" data-orig-size=\"1134,1500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;If you see someone arranging nuclear materials like this for a quick photo, you\u2019d be well advised to tell them to stop. Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Energy&lt;\/p&gt;&#10;\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093.webp?w=302\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093.webp?w=473\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-735782\" alt=\"\" width=\"302\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093.webp 1134w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093.webp?resize=189,250 189w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093.webp?resize=302,400 302w, https:\/\/hackaday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lanl-rods-too-close-1710956792093.webp?resize=473,625 473w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-735782\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>If you see someone arranging nuclear materials like this for a quick photo, you\u2019d be well advised to tell them to stop. Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Energy<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Los Alamos suffered an embarrassing incident in more recent times, too, though thankfully a near miss. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/near-disaster-federal-nuclear-weapons-laboratory-takes-hidden-toll-america-s-arsenal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Back in 2011<\/a>, technicians had arranged a number of plutonium rods on a table in order to take a photo\u2014the intent being to celebrate their successful production. A supervisor returning to the area noticed the close assembly of the rods and quickly instructed they be separated, lest a criticality incident occur. Disaster was averted before the dreaded blue flash occurred, but it was yet another harrowing example where fundamental safety rules around criticality had been ignored.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"clear: none;\">Lessons<\/h2>\n<p>So what can these unfortunate incidents teach us? Strict limits and controls on fissionable materials are key. Standard procedures that control the flow of fissionable material are important to achieve this. The Tokaimura incident showed how bypassing these protocols even briefly can be disastrous. Beyond that, it\u2019s important that those working with these materials are cognicent of the risks at all times. Even something as simple as bringing together a few rods to take a photo could cause a major incident through carelessness.<\/p>\n<p>But perhaps the biggest lesson is respecting the sheer power of fission itself. When a chain reaction starts, things go wrong fast. By the time the blue flash has told you something\u2019s happened, it\u2019s all too late. Radiation levels have spiked through the roof and the damage is done. There is no early warning sign in these cases. Proper procedure is the only real way to avoid disaster.<\/p>\n<p>Fssion remains a fickle phenomenon that is not to be trifled with. When we do trifle with it, either by honest accident or gross negligence, the results can be swift and brutal. Each of these criticality incidents was a stern reminder to humanity to maintain the utmost vigilance and safeguards when working with fissionable materials. Failure to do so always ends up the same way.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2024\/12\/12\/its-critical-dont-pile-up-your-fissionable-material\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nuclear fission is a powerful phenomenon. When the conditions are right, atomic nuclei split, releasing neutrons that then split other nuclei in an ongoing chain reaction that releases enormous amounts &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=136377\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=136377"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136377\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=136377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=136377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=136377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}