{"id":137006,"date":"2024-12-14T17:02:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T10:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=137006"},"modified":"2024-12-14T17:02:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T10:02:52","slug":"genetic-mechanism-links-emotional-experiences-to-behavior-changes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=137006","title":{"rendered":"Genetic Mechanism Links Emotional Experiences to Behavior Changes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Summary: <\/strong>Researchers have identified a genetic mechanism that regulates behavioral adaptations to emotional experiences by forming R-loops, unique RNA:DNA structures that activate target genes. The study focused on NPAS4, a gene implicated in stress and drug addiction, showing how blocking R-loops prevents maladaptive behaviors like cocaine seeking and stress-induced anhedonia in mice.<\/p>\n<p>This mechanism demonstrates how emotional experiences influence brain circuits by altering gene expression through enhancer RNA. The findings could pave the way for RNA-based therapies to treat psychiatric disorders linked to stress and substance use.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Facts<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>R-Loop Role:<\/strong> R-loops form RNA:DNA structures to activate genes like NPAS4 during emotional experiences.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Behavioral Impact:<\/strong> Blocking R-loops in brain regions prevents drug-seeking and stress-induced behaviors in mice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Therapeutic Potential:<\/strong> Insights could guide the development of RNA-based treatments for mood and substance use disorders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong>Medical University of South Carolina<\/p>\n<p><strong>A team of neuroscience researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina reports in\u00a0<em>Science\u00a0<\/em>the discovery of a new genetic regulatory mechanism involved in behavioral adaptations to emotional experiences in a preclinical model. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Although such adaptations are crucial for survival, they can become problematic in patients with certain psychiatric disorders.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding the genetic changes that lead to maladaptive behaviors may help scientists to develop better RNA therapies to treat brain disorders.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<p> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Are Genetics Key to Emotional Adaptation?\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eoJiMMbJCCc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Video credit:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@Neuroscience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Neuroscience News<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The research team included\u00a0Makoto Taniguchi, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Department of Neuroscience,\u00a0Christopher Cowan, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Neuroscience, and Rose Marie Akiki, an M.D.-Ph.D. student at MUSC.<\/p>\n<p>With funding from the National Institutes of Health and a pilot grant from the South Carolina Clinical &amp; Translational Research Institute, the researchers set out to understand how clinically relevant emotional experiences, including chronic stress and drug use, lead to long-lasting changes in behavior.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, their findings show that loss of this genetic regulatory mechanism leads to reduced drug seeking and increased resilience to stress in mice.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBy understanding this process, we hope to get better insights into how changes in the brain can lead to maladaptive changes in behavior,\u201d said Cowan. \u201cWe could also improve our fundamental understanding of how the brain works and how emotions and emotionally relevant experiences help to shape brain circuits.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Scientists have long known that what we experience can cause changes in our brain, thereby altering how we behave. But how exactly do those changes occur? Well, it begins with our genes.<\/p>\n<p>All cells within an individual contain essentially the same genes, but different genes can be turned on at different times.<\/p>\n<p>This variability allows our bodies to adapt to a changing environment. Importantly, well over half of the human genome is devoted to producing a specific type of regulatory molecules that help to control when and where critical protein-coding genes are turned on.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-107020\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience.jpg.webp 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-300x200.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-770x513.jpg.webp 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-1155x770.jpg.webp 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-370x247.jpg.webp 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-293x195.jpg.webp 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-150x100.jpg.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience.jpg\" alt=\"This shows DNA and the outline of a person.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-293x195.jpg 293w, https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/files\/2024\/12\/genetics-emotion-behavior-neurosience-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"\/> <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">But how exactly do those changes occur? Well, it begins with our genes. Credit: Neuroscience News<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>These regulatory molecules, known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been found to differ in people with depression and substance use disorders.<\/p>\n<p>The MUSC researchers focused on long non-coding enhancer RNA (Inc-eRNA), a specific type of lncRNA that interacts with the regulatory region of target genes. Upon binding to specific genes, Inc-eRNA can form unique structures, known as R-loops, to help to govern those genes.<\/p>\n<p>The MUSC team looked at a gene called NPAS4, which is implicated in both stress-induced anhedonia, or lack of joy in activities that were once pleasurable, and drug-induced relapse.<\/p>\n<p>Their study provides the first evidence for the role of R-loops in governing behavioral changes induced by emotional experiences.<\/p>\n<p>R-loops can help to turn on specific genes by forming an RNA:DNA \u201csandwich\u201d in regulatory regions of a target gene.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of the NPAS4 gene, R-loops appear to help to bring the enhancer region, which includes instructions for turning on a gene and is located at a distance, together with the main body of the gene, including the important gene promoter region, and this allows the gene to be turned on in response to an experience.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBy bringing the enhancer and promoter together in space and time, R-loops seem to be facilitating their interaction and driving the response to turn on a gene,\u201d said Cowan.<\/p>\n<p>In response to emotional experiences, some people struggle more than others, and this may result in the development of maladaptive behaviors. For example, the death of a loved one is a very difficult experience to process that could lead some individuals to develop depression, while others are able to make peace with their loss.<\/p>\n<p>The specific behaviors the researchers analyzed in mice were cocaine seeking and a response to chronic stress, as these are clinically relevant responses to particularly emotional experiences.<\/p>\n<p>When the researchers blocked the formation of R loops in front of the NPAS4 gene in the region of the brain known as the nucleus accumbens, they found that mice did not show a preference for cocaine.<\/p>\n<p>When a similar manipulation was performed in the prefrontal cortex, mice did not develop behaviors mimicking stress-induced anhedonia.<\/p>\n<p>These findings suggest that lnc-eRNAs, and associated R-loops, at the NPAS4 gene are an important process in the brain by which emotional experiences can produce behaviors associated with substance use or mood disorders.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou need a change in the genetic basis of how everything is working, what is being transcribed, what is being formed in the cell to form stronger neural circuits that underlie behavior,\u201d said Akiki.<\/p>\n<p>The lnc-eRNA that the researchers focus on is highly conserved among species, which demonstrates the evolutionary relevance of this regulatory molecule. In fact, R-loops have been found in other cell types as well. The formation of R-loops with eRNAs is known to be an important mechanism in the immune system for developing immunity.<\/p>\n<p>Akiki speculated that R-loops might be involved in the ability of neural circuits to adapt to experience-induced changes, drawing on her knowledge of immunology.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI didn\u2019t think that evolution would favor a different mechanism for neurons,\u201d she said. \u201cWe found that neurons, like immune cells, can respond to a stimulus through the formation of an R-loop.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In the future, the research team wants to understand how ubiquitous this genetic regulatory mechanism is in the brain.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf this really is a general mechanism, we want to see how stable it is and how it gets disrupted in pathological conditions,\u201d said Taniguchi.<\/p>\n<p>This newly discovered genetic mechanism could contribute to the way we respond to emotionally significant experiences in life. Ultimately, this finding helps to deepen our understanding of how the brain interprets experiences to influence adaptive behavior.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is a new way of thinking about how genes can be turned on\u201d tells Cowan.<\/p>\n<p>By developing a deeper understanding of the fundamental genetic processes that lead to behavioral changes, the findings of this paper may potentially inform novel applications of RNA-based therapies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Funding:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The research was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under T32DA007288, R01DA032708, and P50DA046373. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About this genetics, emotion, and behavior research news<\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Author: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/cdn-cgi\/l\/email-protection#6f020c08070a0a042f021a1c0c410a0b1a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kimberly McGhee<\/a><br \/><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/musc.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Medical University of South Carolina<\/a><br \/><strong>Contact: <\/strong>Kimberly McGhee \u2013 Medical University of South Carolina<br \/><strong>Image:<\/strong> The image is credited to Neuroscience News<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffffe8\"><strong>Original Research:<\/strong> Closed access.<br \/>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adp1562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A long noncoding eRNA forms R-loops to shape emotional experience-induced behavioral adaptation<\/a>\u201d by Christopher Cowan et al. <em>Science<\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"\/>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A long noncoding eRNA forms R-loops to shape emotional experience-induced behavioral adaptation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Emotional experiences often evoke neural plasticity that supports adaptive changes in behavior, including maladaptive plasticity associated with mood and substance use disorders.<\/p>\n<p>These adaptations are supported in part by experience-dependent activation of immediate-early response genes, such as\u00a0<em>Npas4<\/em>\u00a0(neuronal PAS domain protein 4).<\/p>\n<p>Here we show that a conserved long noncoding enhancer RNA (lnc-eRNA), transcribed from an activity-sensitive enhancer, produces DNA:RNA hybrid R-loop structures that support three-dimensional chromatin looping between enhancer and proximal promoter and rapid\u00a0<em>Npas4<\/em>\u00a0gene induction.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, in mouse models,\u00a0<em>Npas4<\/em>\u00a0lnc-eRNA and its R-loop are required for the development of behavioral adaptations produced by chronic psychosocial stress or cocaine exposure, revealing a potential role for this regulatory mechanism in the transmission of emotional experiences.<\/p>\n<p> <!-- Form created by Optin Forms plugin by WPKube: create beautiful optin forms with ease! --> <!-- https:\/\/wpkube.com\/ --><!--optinforms-form5-container--> <!-- \/ Optin Forms --> <\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/neurosciencenews.com\/genetics-emotion-behavior-28240\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary: Researchers have identified a genetic mechanism that regulates behavioral adaptations to emotional experiences by forming R-loops, unique RNA:DNA structures that activate target genes. The study focused on NPAS4, a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=137006\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-137006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=137006"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137006\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=137006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=137006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=137006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}