{"id":137318,"date":"2024-12-15T13:04:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T06:04:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=137318"},"modified":"2024-12-15T13:04:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-15T06:04:23","slug":"physicists-find-particle-that-only-has-mass-when-moving-in-one-direction-sciencealert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=137318","title":{"rendered":"Physicists Find Particle That Only Has Mass When Moving in One Direction : ScienceAlert"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Scientists have made a satisfying and intriguing physics discovery some 16 years after it was first predicted to be a possibility: a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quasiparticle\">quasiparticle<\/a> (a group of particles behaving as one) that only has an effective mass when moving in one direction.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>In physics, mass generally refers to a property of particles that relates to things like their energy and resistance to movement. Yet not all mass is built the same \u2013 some describes the energy of a particle at rest, for example, while mass may also take into account the energy of a particle&#8217;s motion.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>In this case, the effective mass describes the  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/quasiparticles\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73067\" data-postid=\"146726\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">quasiparticle<\/a>&#8216;s response to forces, which varies depending on whether the movement through the material is up and down, or back and forth.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Whereas regular  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/quasiparticles\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73067\" data-postid=\"146726\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">quasiparticles<\/a> have the same mass no matter what their direction of travel, the semi-Dirac  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/the-standard-model\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73024\" data-postid=\"146726\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">fermion<\/a> (to give it its technical name) being studied here doesn&#8217;t seem to play by the normal rules.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s a discovery that could make a fundamental difference in fields such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/quantum-computers\">quantum physics<\/a> and electronic sensors.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>The new quasiparticle was discovered by an international team of scientists inside a ZrSiS semi-metal crystal, cooled down to -452 degrees Fahrenheit (or -269 degrees Celsius) \u2013 an extreme set of conditions for an extremely rare quasiparticle.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_146729\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-146729\" style=\"width: 642px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/MovingProton.jpg\" alt=\"Semi-Dirac Fermion\" width=\"642\" height=\"698\" class=\"wp-image-146729 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/MovingProton.jpg 642w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/MovingProton-382x415.jpg 382w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/MovingProton-600x652.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-146729\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration of the ZrSiS structure near a crossing point \u2013 with the semi-Dirac a black sphere. (Shao et al., <em>Physical Review X<\/em>, 2024)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Particles can generally be described as  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/the-standard-model\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73024\" data-postid=\"146726\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">bosons<\/a> or  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/the-standard-model\" class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" data-linkid=\"73024\" data-postid=\"146726\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_self\">fermions<\/a>, depending on a measure of a property called spin. Dirac fermions \u2013 in both typical and quasiparticle form \u2013 have properties that come in opposing particle and antiparticle forms.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>This semi-Dirac fermion detailed in the new study is a strange beast of a thing that only existed in theory up until now, operating under very different guidelines of energy in perpendicular directions.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This was totally unexpected,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psu.edu\/news\/research\/story\/particle-only-has-mass-when-moving-one-direction-observed-first-time\">says<\/a> condensed matter physicist Yinming Shao, from Pennsylvania State University. &#8220;We weren&#8217;t even looking for a semi-Dirac fermion when we started working with this material, but we were seeing signatures we didn&#8217;t understand.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It turns out we had made the first observation of these wild quasiparticles that sometimes move like they have mass and sometimes move like they have none.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>The researchers were using a scientific analysis method known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/physics\/articles\/10.3389\/fphy.2022.946515\/full\">magneto-optical spectroscopy<\/a> when they made the discovery. It&#8217;s where materials are studied via the infrared light reflections they give off, under the influence of a strong magnetic field.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>And we do mean strong: some 900,000 times stronger than the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field, courtesy of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Florida. These are the exotic conditions scientists use to study the rarest interactions at the smallest scales.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>From there, the semi-Dirac fermion activity was observed and identified, with the help of some numerical modeling: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massless_particle\">being massless<\/a> in one direction (with all its energy described by its movement), but having effective mass in another. Fortunately for the non-physicists, the researchers provide an analogy.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Imagine the particle is a tiny train confined to a network of tracks, which are the material&#8217;s underlying electronic structure,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psu.edu\/news\/research\/story\/particle-only-has-mass-when-moving-one-direction-observed-first-time\">says<\/a> Shao.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Now, at certain points the tracks intersect, so our particle train is moving along its fast track, at light speed, but then it hits an intersection and needs to switch to a perpendicular track.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Suddenly, it experiences resistance, it has mass. The particles are either all energy or have mass depending on the direction of their movement along the material&#8217;s &#8216;tracks&#8217;.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s a notable moment in physics, including for those who <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.236405\">first hypothesized<\/a> the phenomena back in 2008. There&#8217;s still a lot to explore here though \u2013 including figuring out how to extract single layers from the multi-layered ZrSiS crystal \u2013 before we can start thinking about its full implications and any practical uses.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The most thrilling part of this experiment is that the data cannot be fully explained yet,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psu.edu\/news\/research\/story\/particle-only-has-mass-when-moving-one-direction-observed-first-time\">says<\/a> Shao.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;There are many unsolved mysteries in what we observed, so that is what we are working to understand.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The research has been published in <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prx\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevX.14.041057\"><em>Physical Review X<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/physicists-find-particle-that-only-has-mass-when-moving-in-one-direction\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists have made a satisfying and intriguing physics discovery some 16 years after it was first predicted to be a possibility: a quasiparticle (a group of particles behaving as one) &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=137318\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8628],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-137318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=137318"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137318\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=137318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=137318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=137318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}