{"id":138088,"date":"2024-12-17T16:13:07","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T09:13:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=138088"},"modified":"2024-12-17T16:13:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T09:13:07","slug":"the-source-of-red-wines-headaches-could-be-a-chemical-few-suspected-sciencealert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=138088","title":{"rendered":"The Source of Red Wine&#8217;s Headaches Could Be a Chemical Few Suspected : ScienceAlert"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Medical accounts of red wine headaches <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12365\">go back to Roman times<\/a>, but the experience is likely as old as winemaking \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sapiens.org\/archaeology\/evolution-wine\/\">something like 10,000 years<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=Si-iSdEAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">As chemists<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/waterhouse.ucdavis.edu\/people\/andrew-waterhouse\">specializing in winemaking<\/a>, we wanted to try to figure out the source of these headaches.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Many components of red wine have been accused of causing this misery \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/farrp.unl.edu\/sulfites-usa\">sulfites<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/biogenic-amine\">biogenic amines<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wineenthusiast.com\/culture\/wine\/tannins-wine-guide\/?srsltid=AfmBOoqVhvXVvETmEHbmXswysSh8Laezc9OtARU6PqI9oGmP5OR-Dx9n\">tannin<\/a> are the most popular. Our research suggests the most likely culprit is one you may not have considered.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<h2>The common suspects<\/h2>\n<p>Sulfites have been a popular scapegoat for all sorts of ailments since it became mandatory in the 1990s to label them on wines in the US.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>However, not much evidence links sulfites directly to headaches, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/sulfite-allergy-82911\">other foods<\/a> contain comparable levels to wine without the same effects. White wines also contain the <a href=\"https:\/\/winefolly.com\/deep-dive\/sulfites-in-wine\/\">same amount of sulfites as red wines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Your body also produces about 700 milligrams of sulfites daily as you <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3835(97)04684-3\">metabolize the protein<\/a> in your food and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408360091174231\">excrete it as sulfate<\/a>. To do so, it has compounds called sulfite oxidases that create sulfate from sulfite \u2013 the 20 milligrams in a glass of wine are unlikely to overwhelm your sulfite oxidases.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Some people point the finger for red wine headaches at biogenic amines. These are nitrogenous substances found in many fermented or spoiled foods, and can cause headaches, but the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10068-017-0239-3\">amount in wine<\/a> is far too low to be a problem.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12365\">Tannin is a good guess<\/a>, since white wines contain only tiny amounts, while red wines contain substantial amounts. Tannin is a type of phenolic compound \u2013 it&#8217;s found in all plants and usually plays a role in preventing disease, resisting predation or encouraging seed dispersal by animals.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_147046\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-147046\" style=\"width: 2550px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/three_red_wine_glasses.jpg\" alt=\"glasses of red wine\" width=\"2550\" height=\"2363\" class=\"wp-image-147046 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/three_red_wine_glasses.jpg 2550w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/three_red_wine_glasses-642x595.jpg 642w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/three_red_wine_glasses-448x415.jpg 448w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/three_red_wine_glasses-768x712.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/three_red_wine_glasses-1536x1423.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/three_red_wine_glasses-2048x1898.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/images\/2024\/12\/three_red_wine_glasses-600x556.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-147046\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tannins are often blamed for red wine&#8217;s headaches. (<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/people-tossing-their-clear-wine-glasses-udj2tD3WKsY\">Kelsey Knight\/Unsplash<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But there are many other <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408690490911710\">phenolic compounds<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02903.x\">in grapes&#8217; skin and seeds<\/a> besides tannin that make it into red wines from the winemaking process, and are not present in white, so any of them could be a candidate culprit.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Tannin is also found in many other common products, such as tea and chocolate, which generally don&#8217;t cause headaches. And <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408699891274273\">phenolics are good antioxidants<\/a> \u2013 they&#8217;re unlikely to trigger the inflammation that would cause a headache.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<h2>A red wine flush<\/h2>\n<p>Some people get red, flushed skin when drinking alcohol, and the flushing is <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajad.12477\">accompanied by a headache<\/a>. This headache is caused by a lagging metabolic step as the body breaks down the booze.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>The metabolism of alcohol happens in two steps. First, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde. Then, the enzyme ALDH converts the acetaldehyde to acetate, a common and innocuous substance.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>This second step is slower for people who get flushed skin, since their ALDH is not very efficient. <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/hangovers-happen-as-your-body-tries-to-protect-itself-from-alcohols-toxic-effects-124630\">They accumulate acetaldehyde<\/a>, which is a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hup.1023\">somewhat toxic compound<\/a> also <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6761819\/\">linked to hangovers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>So, if something unique in red wine could inhibit ALDH, slowing down that second metabolic step, would that lead to higher levels of acetaldehyde and a headache? To try to answer this question, we scanned the list of phenolics abundant in red wine.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>We spied a paper showing that quercetin is a good inhibitor of ALDH. Quercetin is a phenolic compound found in the skins of grapes, so <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods10010158\">it&#8217;s much more abundant<\/a> in red than white wines because red grape skins are left in longer during the fermentation process than white grape skins.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<h2>Putting enzymes to the test<\/h2>\n<p>Testing ALDH was the next step. We set up an inhibition assay in test tubes. In the assay, we measured how fast the enzyme ALDH breaks down acetaldehyde. Then, we added the suspected inhibitors \u2013 quercetin, as well as some other phenolics we wanted to test \u2013 to see whether they slowed the process.<\/p>\n<figure><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/634274\/original\/file-20241125-17-8veuqr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The molecular structure of quercetin.\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/634274\/original\/file-20241125-17-8veuqr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/634274\/original\/file-20241125-17-8veuqr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=402&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/634274\/original\/file-20241125-17-8veuqr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=402&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/634274\/original\/file-20241125-17-8veuqr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=402&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/634274\/original\/file-20241125-17-8veuqr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=505&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/634274\/original\/file-20241125-17-8veuqr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=505&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/634274\/original\/file-20241125-17-8veuqr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=505&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><figcaption>The chemical structure of quercetin, which may cause red wine headaches. (<a href=\"https:\/\/snl.no\/quercetin\">Johannes Botne<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-46203-y\">These tests confirmed<\/a> that quercetin was a good inhibitor. Some other phenolics had varying effects, but quercetin glucuronide was the winner. When your body absorbs quercetin from food or wine, most is <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.10.008\">converted to glucuronide<\/a> by the liver in order to quickly eliminate it from the body.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>Our enzyme tests suggest that quercetin glucuronide disrupts your body&#8217;s metabolism of alcohol. This disruption means extra acetaldehyde circulates, causing inflammation and headaches. This discovery points to what&#8217;s known as a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synergy\">secondary, or synergistic, effect<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>These secondary effects are much harder to identify because two factors must both be in play for the outcome to arise. In this case, other foods that contain quercetin are not associated with headaches, so you might not initially consider quercetin as the cause of the red wine problem.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>The next step could be to give human subjects two red wines that are low and high in quercetin and ask whether either wine causes a headache. If the high-quercetin wine induces more headaches, we&#8217;d know we&#8217;re on the right track.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>So, if quercetin causes headaches, are there red wines without it? Unfortunately, the data available on specific wines is far too limited to provide any helpful advice.<\/p>\n<p><!-- START single\/mrec --><br \/>\n<!-- END single\/mrec --><\/p>\n<p>However, grapes exposed to the Sun do produce more quercetin, and many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/nation\/2023\/11\/23\/red-wine-headaches-study-quercetin\/\">inexpensive red wines<\/a> are made from grapes that see less sunlight.<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re willing to take a chance, look for an inexpensive, lighter red wine.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/243869\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines -->\n<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/andrew-waterhouse-147440\">Andrew Waterhouse<\/a>, Professor of Enology, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-california-davis-1312\">University of California, Davis<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/apramita-devi-2259754\">Apramita Devi<\/a>, Postdoctoral researcher in food science and technology, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-california-davis-1312\">University of California, Davis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-does-red-wine-cause-headaches-our-research-points-to-a-compound-found-in-the-grapes-skin-243869\">original article<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/the-source-of-red-wines-headaches-could-be-a-chemical-few-suspected\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Medical accounts of red wine headaches go back to Roman times, but the experience is likely as old as winemaking \u2013 something like 10,000 years. As chemists specializing in winemaking, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=138088\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-138088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=138088"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138088\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=138088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=138088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=138088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}