{"id":138575,"date":"2024-12-18T23:45:58","date_gmt":"2024-12-18T16:45:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=138575"},"modified":"2024-12-18T23:45:58","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T16:45:58","slug":"ancient-bones-shed-new-light-on-debate-over-origins-of-syphilis-infectious-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=138575","title":{"rendered":"Ancient bones shed new light on debate over origins of syphilis | Infectious diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">After the French king Charles VIII invaded Italy in 1494, an unknown and disfiguring disease erupted in the army camps and duly spread across <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/europe-news\" data-link-name=\"in body link\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Europe<\/a> when the men returned to their homelands the following year.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">The epidemic is regarded as the first historical account of syphilis, but where the disease came from has been debated by scholars ever since. One camp believes it emerged in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/americas\" data-link-name=\"in body link\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Americas<\/a>, and was brought to Europe by Columbus in 1493. Another suspects it was lurking in Europe before the explorer set sail.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">Now, ancient DNA recovered from skeletons across the Americas has shed light on the mystery. The disease-ravaged bones, which predate Columbus\u2019s first voyage to the New World, harboured genomes of bacteria from the syphilis disease family, suggesting the infection had its roots in the Americas.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">Syphilis is part of a small family of diseases that includes yaws and bejel. While syphilis is found around the world, yaws and bejel are neglected tropical diseases seen mostly in equatorial regions. All three conditions are caused by strains of <em>Treponema pallidum<\/em> bacteria.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">\u201cWe were able to reconstruct five genomes from these bones and we see that they are sister lineages to the modern strains of the bacterium that is circulating in humans today,\u201d said Dr Kirsten Bos, the group leader for molecular paleopathology at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/anthropology\" data-link-name=\"in body link\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Anthropology<\/a> in Leipzig. \u201cThey all appear to have emerged in the Americas.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-08515-5\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Writing in Nature<\/a>, Bos and her colleagues describe how they extracted and reconstructed ancient <em>T<\/em><em> pallidum<\/em> DNA from the skeletal remains, which included a hip bone from Argentina, a lower leg bone from Chile, upper and lower leg bones from Mexico and a tooth from Peru.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">Because the researchers knew the age of the bones from radiocarbon dating, they were able to trace the different strains of the bacteria back to a common ancestor that lived at most 9,000 years ago.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">\u201cThis is a time when humans were already well established in the Americas, and they were not interacting with populations in other parts of the world. They were basically geographically and biologically isolated in the Americas,\u201d Bos said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">The finding suggests syphilis and its known relatives had their roots in the Americas, but spread globally through human trafficking and European expansions across the Americas and Africa in the decades and centuries after the early epidemic.<\/p>\n<figure data-spacefinder-role=\"inline\" data-spacefinder-type=\"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.NewsletterSignupBlockElement\" class=\" dcr-173mewl\"><a data-ignore=\"global-link-styling\" href=\"#EmailSignup-skip-link-9\" class=\"dcr-jzxpee\">skip past newsletter promotion<\/a><\/p>\n<aside aria-label=\"newsletter promotion\" class=\"dcr-av5vqf\">\n<div class=\"dcr-10et71f\">\n<p class=\"dcr-rsfwa\">Sign up to <span>Headlines Europe<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"dcr-1xjndtj\">A digest of the morning&#8217;s main headlines from the Europe edition emailed direct to you every week day<\/p>\n<p><gu-island name=\"SecureSignup\" priority=\"feature\" deferuntil=\"visible\" props=\"{&quot;newsletterId&quot;:&quot;headlines-europe&quot;,&quot;successDescription&quot;:&quot;A digest of the morning's main headlines from the Europe edition emailed direct to you every week day&quot;}\"\/><span class=\"dcr-1eusqlu\"><strong>Privacy Notice: <\/strong>Newsletters may contain info about charities, online ads, and content funded by outside parties. For more information see our <a data-ignore=\"global-link-styling\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/help\/privacy-policy\" rel=\"noreferrer\" class=\"dcr-1rjy2q9\">Privacy Policy<\/a>. We use Google reCaptcha to protect our website and the Google <a data-ignore=\"global-link-styling\" href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy\" rel=\"noreferrer\" class=\"dcr-1rjy2q9\">Privacy Policy<\/a> and <a data-ignore=\"global-link-styling\" href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/terms\" rel=\"noreferrer\" class=\"dcr-1rjy2q9\">Terms of Service<\/a> apply.<\/span><\/aside>\n<p id=\"EmailSignup-skip-link-9\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"after newsletter promotion\" role=\"note\" class=\"dcr-jzxpee\">after newsletter promotion<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">It is unlikely to draw a line under the debate, however.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s3ycb2\">\u201cI don\u2019t think we\u2019re solving the mystery necessarily, because there are still so many important questions we have to answer,\u201d Bos said. \u201cWe\u2019re looking at very limited sources of data, and we\u2019re trying to analyse them and in a very holistic, comprehensive way, and to be very open-minded. I think the narrative will continue to be debated.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-fb+5w+4e-db+86\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3711241968723425\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7910942971\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><div data-type=\"_mgwidget\" data-widget-id=\"1660802\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>(function(w,q){w[q]=w[q]||[];w[q].push([\"_mgc.load\"])})(window,\"_mgq\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2024\/dec\/18\/ancient-bones-debate-origins-of-syphilis-americas-europe\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After the French king Charles VIII invaded Italy in 1494, an unknown and disfiguring disease erupted in the army camps and duly spread across Europe when the men returned to &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/?p=138575\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-138575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=138575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138575\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=138575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=138575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hotvideos24.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=138575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}